Since 1971, the United States to ban cigarette advertising on television to play, but in recent years, is said to battery-powered alternative products frequently show his face in prime time. Electronic cigarettes (commonly referred to as e-cig) through the recent Super Bowl (Super Bowl) ads, talk shows and midnight during the 2014 Golden Globe Awards in a comedy sketch to attract public attention. In fact, the latest survey showed that nearly 60 percent of Americans now this smooth, do not smoke the stuff very well.
The concept behind the electronic cigarette is smart: producers claim that they can provide all the fun of traditional cigarettes, but will not cause any danger. Electronic cigarette uses a small heating coil, containing a small amount of nicotine aerosol solution is evaporated. The user inhales this vapor, and can enjoy the same satisfaction suction conventional cigarette, but without exposure to tobacco, and tobacco will produce carcinogenic tar when burned. With this product, smokers who do not have a cold or rainy weather, huddled up in a lot of places do not longer bound by smoking bans in public places Ordinance.
However, the electronic cigarette really safe? No one knows the exact answer. However, the electronic cigarette contains nicotine addiction, and this is no doubt, therefore, for the rapid popularity of electronic cigarettes state of affairs, many public health experts feel worried. They fear the place include: electronic cigarette smokers quit will have to lure back to the embrace of traditional smokers and the people around to face unknown or become an incentive for our young people and then try to tobacco or other drugs .
In order to decide how to manage the electronic cigarette, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union are trying to clarify these issues. However, they need to know all the facts before the action began. For contacting the electronic cigarette without tubes, so that people may be exposed to unknown health but there is also a possibility that too harsh restrictions may hurt those trying to give up the traditional tobacco products (and more dangerous) people.
[Harm] can not be determined
Now emerging electronic cigarette in front of people, is a pharmacist in 2003 by Chinese Han Li invention (ie, "smoke"), also made a star by his hand, and seven years ago to enter the US market. (Earlier on the "no smoke without tobacco cigarettes," try to get the patent in 1965, but has not caught on.) At first, FDA attempt as a "drug delivery device" management, while in US law, the administration device It is defined as "intended to affect the structure or any function of the body," the article. However, this electronic cigarette company NJOY sued FDA, that such devices and tobacco products containing nicotine are similar - until then, FDA has tried to tobacco products as drug delivery devices, but did not succeed. December 2010, a US federal appeals court ruled, FDA does not have administrative privileges on the electronic cigarette, because the product is only available conventional cigarette pastime role. The ruling allows electronic cigarettes continue to be sold on the market, but also left a lot of questions about their safety.
As a substitute for carcinogenic tobacco, electronic cigarettes typically contain three major components: nicotine, some kind of flavor, and propylene glycol (a kind of synthetic liquid flavored syrup, add in food, cosmetics and certain drugs used to absorb moisture, and these products allow moist). The main danger is that nicotine is known, this stimulus is highly addictive, new scientific research also believe that it is associated with compromised immune systems. Since 1997, propylene glycol, are classified as "generally recognized as safe" (generally recognized as safe, FDA official argument is GRAS). However, if you want to issue electronic cigarette health certificate, you also need to know more.
For example, propylene glycol is usually edible (in cakes, soft drinks and salad sauce) or applied to the surface of the body (in soaps, shampoos and antiperspirants), not to be inhaled into the lungs. Eat a lot of security things, it will damage the lungs when inhaled, such as flour. No one knows glycol is in this list. "For propanediol sucked later, we know almost no" on the US Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) website wrote - in 2008 an assessment report, the agency cited only a few on the suction propanediol research papers and study all animals other than humans.
In addition to these three main components, by-products and solutions within the smoke Some researchers also heated electronic cigarette has generated concern. Many studies have shown mist electronic cigarette contains a number of carcinogens, as well as tiny tin, chromium, nickel and other heavy metal particles, the concentration of these substances to a certain extent, it will damage the lungs. When heated, these particles have to escape from the electronic cigarette solder or metal coils, they are very small, the smallest metal particles (ie, nanoparticles) may further lung tissue, thus exacerbating asthma, bronchitis (inflammation of the respiratory tract) and emphysema (lung alveoli many are destroyed, patients will shortness of breath). The current data is not enough to confirm whether the electronic cigarette will increase these diseases.
Last summer, NJOY President and CEO Craig Weiss (Craig Weiss) on the National Public Radio (NPR) program, supported by public electronic cigarette safety. Program, he cited data of an article, the article is said to be published soon. "Scientific American" when you want to Wei Sisuo research papers, received a draft paper of a small study, the research is that in the short term, to reduce the role of the electronic cigarette smoking behavior. But in medicine, the real value of the study should be a large-scale, long-term rigorous clinical research. NJOY's chief scientist Joshua Rabinowitz (Joshua Rabinowitz) admits, "This study could not pass a drug approval," but he said, "it is the definition of clinical trials, clinical institutions on human biology test responses, these studies do about the same thing. "
The few positive efforts to fill the gaps in the literature scientists are to a dead end. The study of tobacco-containing cigarettes, the researchers relied on "smoking machine", such machines can mimic the frequency and the amount of smoke inhaled every bite of smokers in general. However, no one has studied the amount of steam when people use electronic cigarettes inhaled, different studies used as a standard to compare these findings it becomes very difficult to different amount of after the vapor into the body what you want to track , it is equally problematic. The body will break down foreign substances, scientists generally decomposition products of these substances can be found in hair or urine, these by-products provides a clue foreign substances and cell interactions. For nicotine, it is feasible to do so, but for propylene glycol, no one knows what is appropriate and how to detect byproducts.
[Lack of] regulations
Scientists tough test electronic cigarette safety at the same time, this kind of thing in adolescents has become increasingly popular. According to the latest data center for Disease Control and Prevention National Youth Tobacco Survey (National Youth Tobacco Survey), the United States high school students, the usage of electronic cigarettes in the year more than doubled, from 4.7% in 2011 increased to 2012 10%. At least 160,000 have never tried smoking a traditional cigarette electronic cigarette students. Another analysis also found that the use of electronic cigarettes have improved the chances of teenagers try tobacco. Electronic cigarette uses a kids favorite flavors, including chocolate, bubble gum flavor, and flavor gummy bears, and sold online and in shopping centers, youth easily able to buy.
Protect young people from traditional cigarettes harm important legislation (such as banning the sale of cigarettes to young people prohibited for minors cigarette commercials, etc.) without the constraints of the electronic cigarette. To compensate for this, 40 US state attorneys general last September signed a letter urging FDA "immediately carry out regulatory measures for this increasingly popular electronic cigarette addictive substance."
However, the US had almost no sales for electronic cigarettes and the use of specific legislation. Canada has concluded in a shop selling pre-nicotine electronic cigarette is a violation, but the implementation of this provision was not good, consumers can buy vials of nicotine on the Internet. The situation is slightly better across the Atlantic, until the time of this writing, the European Parliament adopted a ban, from mid-2016 to ban electronic cigarette advertising, EU member states are likely to adopt the ban.
University of California, San Francisco Tobacco Control Research and Education Center (Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education), head of Stanton Glantz (Stanton Glantz) said that, in the absence of management, the electronic cigarette companies will do whatever they want, Grants claiming the electronic cigarette pessimistic. He believes that, due to the lack of health data, the current indoor smoking ban should also apply to the electronic cigarette. He said: "The biggest problem with these things is that, due to the poor quality control, you can never know exactly what you inhale." But those who support control minimizes argue that restrict electronic cigarette use would encourage more people suction traditional cigarettes.
The two sides heated debate at the same time, strong assets acquired tobacco investors are fully electronic cigarette company, the market has injected millions of dollars of investment, hope that this promising product. More than 100 e-cigarette companies are at the same time the name of smokers and nonsmokers idea. The success of these enterprises, depending on whether the electronic cigarette really smoke than traditional health. Companies are willing to assert that era of health of smoking has come. "Cigarettes, you've met your perfect match," NJOY Super Bowl ad in a high-profile announcement. The electronic cigarette is a really safe, it is far less clear.
(Author: Tina Fine Malone / Dina Fine Translation: Jia Ming month)
Baidu know without a daily newspaper written permission, no person may not be copied, reproduced, or in any other way use Baidu know the content of the daily newspaper. Baidu know the daily chase responsibility and rights reserved. Contact: zhidaoribao@baidu.com
Article Source: Baidu know daily (http://zhidao.baidu.com/daily)
Original link: http: //zhidao.baidu.com/daily/view id = 481?