Lead: inch piece of sensitive areas, people of different cultures in different times of the foreskin, its function and symbolism have a different understanding, amputated it could mean punishment or sacrifice, it may be to show off, and today the legend of circumcision helps thing, there has been a means of self-reward.
Circumcision is probably the most widely distributed in human history, the origins stream long ceremony. In addition to the large population of Muslims and Jews, the scattered tribes scattered from Africa, the indigenous peoples of Australia, can be observed in the presence of circumcision. When Columbus set foot on the New World, he was surprised to find in front of Asian face with Indians, as are most of the Jews in general actually cut the foreskin. Thus, circumcision is an act in different cultures and ethnic groups independently derived.
Egyptian murals unearthed the earliest recorded human history circumcision. Mural, a young boy was holding back from another person while preparing to circumcise boys, while indicating to the people behind the "good support in case he fainted." Similarly, another adult being circumcised, perhaps because no one can endure the pain and support.
The ancient Egyptians, after the capture of slaves, tried to use finger, castration, etc. humiliate each other, but soon found that these methods, although effective, has greatly undermined the ability of slave labor.
Cuts off the foreskin, which cut a piece of tissue from the carrier on the other side of masculinity, have the same effect of humiliation and slavery can fully recover the ability to work quickly. Circumcision carries the conquest and enslavement of the mean, and thus also become a symbol of the ancient Egyptians had been enslaved Jews and God to enter into contracts, as some of the purposes of seasonal harvest of male and female circumcision in African tribes, as well as the harvest festival in Nicaragua Code on corn dipped in the blood of people from eating circumcision, circumcision way to express Almighty God or gods surrender.
However, Jewish circumcision reason is another way of saying. "Genesis" in the record, God and Abraham signed a contract, promising he would descendants of Montreal, became the father of many nations, and the land of Canaan promised to Abraham and future generations to survive, and these all based on the premise that Abraham circumcise them, and later in the newborn will have to be circumcised on the eighth day of birth, as a contract entered into with God symbol. No circumcisers, the equivalent of breach of contract, and the tribe will be subject to God's punishment.
Abraham skeptical, do not understand a 99-year-old post-menopausal old man also how many children and grandchildren, but he still do it according to God's will. Sure enough, his 90-year-old wife gave birth to their own first son Isaac, thousands of years later, the children of Abraham will be distributed over all the earth. This story, Muslims and Jews is the origin of the traditional circumcision. The difference is that, although Jews abide by the instructions of God, for the baby be circumcised on the eighth day after birth, the circumcision of Muslims in time but there is no uniform consensus, from teens to play before marriage and so forth.
In addition, the 99-year-old Abraham after the circumcision can make 90-year-old pregnant wife, visible cuts off the foreskin of male fertility will be amazing how - also heard anyone living a century after earning a few countries? Link between circumcision and fertility in fact can be confirmed visually, showing off a full glans penis always be better than hiding in the foreskin of the penis seem impressive, powerful, so there is a plurality of visual aesthetic penis worship culture are difficult to see.
On the other hand, sex organs in many religions are seen as the source of evil, and will continue the family line as a part of God with the Jews of the contract is not to give birth for the purpose of sexual behavior as bullying. Put a cut on the penis blood, probably due to reduced sexual pleasure attempt to restrain the desire to remind believers.
Spain Visigoth period have cut off the foreskin soldiers raped the daughter of records. This argument has also been scientifically proven tricky, the foreskin is rich in nerve endings in the life of men bring a lot of pleasure, without the protection of the foreskin of the penis head horny clothes after long-term friction will be reduced penile sensitivity degree. Different interpretations from different angles, but the real reason circumcision is likely to be a more comprehensive.
Although Jesus Christ himself is Jewish and circumcised, but did not embrace the Christian tradition of circumcision Abraham contract and instead be replaced by the baptism, which is likely due to early Christianity from Judaism roots efforts. Catholic Church has publicly condemned acts of religious circumcision and the prohibition of circumcision in non-believers necessary, so that David is obviously a Jew, he gave Michelangelo carved on the foreskin.
However, much of Europe's Christian will not forget that Jesus is the foreskin. Medieval church often suffer from financial constraints, to open up new revenue channels, some churches will showcase its premium collection of relics of Jesus, such as cross, clothes, etc. shroud, the foreskin is most peculiar about Jesus.
Near Rome called Calcata town church declared possession of the foreskin of Jesus, hundreds of years, the church will be in January 1st day parade holding a container filled with the foreskin of Jesus, the church and therefore suffered questioned, Fortunately, in 1983, the church announced the foreskin of Jesus was stolen, from save the trouble history.
Departure from traditional Christian circumcision, the foreskin plays an important role in making the centuries of anti-Semitic mood. 1753 in London, it was proposed legislative emancipation of the Jews. Because it was Britain's "oath Law" and "municipal authorities Law" stipulates that those who serve in government, military, universities, the judiciary and other specialized career field personnel must be the "true faith of a Christian" lives, including Judaism other non-believers, including the state religion was turned away.
The move was fierce opposition from the community, then circumcision would become the grounds of objection - fears open to Jews, circumcision is bound to spread to the whole society, men will be a time piece of a few square centimeters of skin as " the most precious asset, "swear to have protection.
Interestingly, the Europeans circumcision is so sensitive, people began spawned from a medical point of view the role of judge circumcised --19 century, people think of English-speaking countries with a circumcision to treat "excessive indulgence," that masturbation.
Christianity condemns acts of masturbation, that this is a divine marriage of blasphemy. It has been committed to the treatment of masturbation behavior, including diet control means, moralizing, hydrotherapy, with the chastity belt and other artifacts limit exposure of sexual organs and even castration. Until 1890, the authority of medical institutions began to publish papers, discuss the effectiveness of circumcision for the prevention and treatment of masturbation. British doctor pointed out that the foreskin can cause "Night excesses", mood swings and mental stimulation and induce masturbation behavior.
In 1901, doctors have made a negative impact on male sexuality phimosis, phimosis proposed may cause infertility, priapism and even some sexually transmitted diseases. And circumcision as an effective means of treatment of phimosis, and began to be seen as a neutral treatment. On the other hand, circumcision to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, the role of more and more attention: a study results indicate that HIV prevalence in circumcised men were far lower than uncircumcised. Some studies have also found that circumcised to prevent other sexually transmitted diseases have a positive effect. Although these findings are far from a consensus.
However, when the foreskin of European society increasingly desensitized 1930s Nazi Germany boarded the stage of history, some of the looks you can get away with Jews, circumcision issue or even rise to the decision that he can pretend to be German, or They were sent to concentration camps height. Panic, Jewish doctors even invented the foreskin will not return approach.
About a Jewish teenager experienced German film "Europa, Europa", looks like a foreskin's story: after the Nazis came to power little boy family fled Poland, was occupied by Germany and Poland do not want to, then continue east to escape, just as the Soviets Germany has been captured. Fortunately, he was a German, it is considered "the human race is buried in landfills dazzling diamond" German soldiers. So he became German soldiers - followed a long period of foreskin are entangled, met a beautiful teenager vacation German girl, and he hoped the other "made in good Germanic next generation," he brought to light the foreskin fear rejection. Medical school, he exhaustive way to escape. To grow back the foreskin, he kept things like tying a rubber band, resulting in infection - Finally, he met a middle-aged female Nazi cadres on the train, hunger and thirst of his aunt in the dark compartment to do.
After the war, the ancient circumcision unexpectedly ushered in its spring: medical factors and religious culture membrane desalination such that circumcision is no longer a symbol of a particular religion, circumcision has increasingly become generally accepted behavior, the Western countries many parents choose a child born within a few days on the implementation of circumcision by a doctor. In 1979 the United States, 80 percent of newborn foreskin man have been cut, although the next few years this figure has declined, but remained at about half. According to World Health Organization statistics, 30 percent of men over the age of 15 have been accepted circumcision surgery.
Alarming data makes some people uneasy, American Academy of Pediatrics Medical Association issued a statement that there is no strong evidence that infant circumcision has implemented necessary, from a human rights point of view, a denial of the right to physical integrity did not oppose the ability of the baby is also increasingly the more people criticized as unethical.
In today's China, the typical male hospital circumcision ads, often deliberately hinted after surgery can prolong sexual intercourse and increase sexual pleasure. And this is often somewhat hesitant to circumcision are particularly concerned about. I do not know Pharaohs in ancient Egypt to see this ad, hesitated whether to reconsider how to dispose of slaves were captured.
Circumcision popularity, even gradually shaken the ancient Jewish and Muslim circumcision procedures - in today's China, a lot of urban life growing up Muslim boys, although circumcision, still retains all the traditional ceremony, and even more luxurious upgrade grand, but circumcision surgery has been handed over to the surgeon rather than the imam. Orthodox circumcision is done by the imam, and no anesthetic.
In ancient times, the operation of skilled and semi-professional tool with clergy surgeon, circumcision is painful negligible extent of surgery, and in the earlier Middle Ages had been rabbis for the baby circumcision surgery, not with special circumcision knife, but directly with long fingernails baby thin layer of skin pinch tear rotten! In contrast, today's men and hospital user experience is how friendly.
Many years ago, when I had the honor to participate in Atushi cousin circumcision, witnessed the traditional circumcision ceremony: the guests gathered in the yard, the side band singing and dancing, the cousin's house to stay there shares indefinable atmosphere - cousin to the outside of the grand lively ignorant what for, but I know that the room has a huge elephant.
Imam late, and brought nothing to the package. Seated, imam began chanting, then pulled out a knife Yingjisha come from his pocket, he would come grindstone, grind the surface in front of his cousin's knife. Bi mill, imam Jiuqi cousin foreskin, circumcision done cleanly. Cousin scream, like the Sistine Chapel chimney white smoke, clear outsiders, a sacred ritual is complete.
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