[REVIEW] "Men and women are different" is an old saying in life, men and women never seem to be present in the Earth's poles, there are different interests, temperament, favorite movies of different styles, different flavors of food. In fact, the gender gap is far more than that. These differences lead to itself the underlying causes of these differences and has attracted the interest of scientists. Inventory for everyone here some interesting gender differences between men and women based on scientific research.
Chromosomal DNA and is the carrier of the gene, human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Including the sex chromosomes X and Y chromosomes determine the sex of mankind. A pair of male sex chromosomes XY, and females XX. Life on our planet, with more than 70 billion different races, different color, different personalities of the population, but in the end after all, nothing less than the two categories: men and women.
Gender origin: first man or the first woman?
First, man or woman first, like chicken or the egg problem, it is not just a philosophical question, it is a scientific question. This summer, published a study in the journal Science, is the first to have a male or female puzzle answers began. Stanford University, University of Michigan School of Medicine, New York State University at Stony Brook researchers by analyzing the male Y chromosome from different ethnic full DNA sequence found from their most recent common ancestor of man "Adam" living in about 12 million years ago ago to 150,000 years ago.
The new research paper describes in detail how to accurately measure the Y chromosome sequence variation, only Y chromosome from father to son, and mitochondrial only from mother to daughter. Through these two genetic material dating back forward can be found in all men have a common male ancestor "Y chromosome", all women have a common female ancestor "mitochondria." The new study is the sequence diversity of the Y chromosome has provided sufficient evidence also shows that the recent human common ancestor paternal "Adam" Living in 115000-50000 years ago, while maternal common ancestor, "Eve" is living at an earlier the 240,000 to 150,000 years ago. That paternal common ancestor "Adam" However, the new study confirmed that both live in almost the same period of time is not much difference, but the facts of life, although there is an overlap period, "Adam" may be even more than "Eve" Earlier appear.
X chromosome can also affect men
As the saying goes, behind every great man, there is a great woman. Behind every sperm, also has an X chromosome at work. In humans, the human Y chromosome determines male sex, many researchers believe that: during the development of the male is responsible for determining sex-related genes are located on the Y chromosome. But now a research team has found, X chromosome can also play an important role in this process. X chromosome contains genes decided to become a large amount of sperm formation.
Traditional studies suggest, X chromosome evolution is relatively conservative, but in this study, the researchers found that in fact, on the X chromosome genes may be changing all the time. When genetically modified, it will affect the evolution, researchers believe that the X chromosome utility may be particularly strong. In many cases, conserved genes on the X chromosome or no expression in the female body, on the contrary, they decided to testicular sperm formation but the performance was very active. Therefore, researchers believe that the X chromosome leads a double life: First, it is stable, the same as described in previous secondly, it is in constant change and affect male characteristics. This discovery changes our idea of inherent gender form, at least in part X chromosome plays a very unexpected role in the evolutionary process.
Men = two genes on the Y chromosome?
In a study done with mice, scientists from the University of Hawaii proof, only two Y chromosome gene can produce an immature sperm cell, it can be successfully fertilize an egg and produce viable offspring. These two genes may indicate Eif2s3y --Sry and male sexual organs become driven proliferation and sperm cells in a mammal. Research papers published in the recent issue of Science magazine.
At one time, there are many scientists claim: male-specific Y chromosome being degraded, completely disappeared after 1000 years. Oxford University geneticist Bryan Sykes asked: Y chromosome recombination can not only continue to accumulate harmful variation, so it has been replaced by the trend of genetic garbage. Coincidentally, the Australian National University professor emeritus Jenny Graves also believes that due to the "poor design", Y chromosome is rapidly degraded, human males will disappear, even if they still exist.
However, for this assertion is correct, the researchers have different views. In the earlier time of PNAS, also published an article on the future of the Y chromosome prove not disappear, man will continue to exist. Geneticist at University College London, Professor Judith Manco Y chromosome found in the last several hundred million years did shrink a lot, lost a lot of original genes, but the rest of the gene still plays a very important role. Manco expressed, Y chromosome will not disappear, there will be a long time. American Whitehead Institute for Biomedical researchers in the comparison of human and gorilla genes unique to the Y chromosome found chimpanzee chromosome 5 genes have been degraded, and human chromosome does not have this phenomenon. They think that even the loss of the human Y chromosome genes is a very small part.
Brain differences: eight at the difference between male and female brains
Britain's chief neuropsychiatrist Roan Burri annoying latest research shows that there are significant differences between the male brain and the female brain.
A man than a woman of the big brain. On average, male brain big 8% -10% than the female brain. Also the size of certain brain regions, the difference between men and women: the female brain in the frontal lobes control decision-making and problem-solving parts is greater than the male, the male brain parietal cortex and the amygdala is larger than the female, which means that the male sense of direction slightly stronger can trigger the fight or flight response faster.
Second, women have better memories than men. Women memory time information longer than men, because of their brain activity in the hippocampus strong, this site helps people find the long-term storage space to relevant information. But the rate of decline of cognitive function in women faster than men, they are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Experts believe that estrogen and testosterone on the brain effects of different risks related to menopause comes early (before age 48) Women suffering from Alzheimer's disease will increase by 70%.
Third, men are more susceptible to mental illness. Women suffering from severe depression were twice as likely as men, but men are prone to more severe symptoms of schizophrenia. This is due to the men and women responsible for dealing with the emotional parts of the brain's limbic region of the brain, or there are some differences, make women more vulnerable to adverse situations have negative thoughts, are more likely to worry about the situation uncertain.
Fourth, women feel more pain. Due to differences in sex hormones, resulting in the mechanism of male and female brain differences in pain exist. Men from birth soaked in testosterone, which makes the brain is not so sensitive to pain. Women Migraine is three times higher incidence than men, which should be attributed to fluctuations in hormone levels. Migraine-related brain waves in the female brain is more likely to be activated, for men, in order to activate the migraine brain waves, you need more than women is three times stronger stimulus. In addition, some chronic pain disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia, but also more common in women.
Fifth, heavy picture man, woman weight details. Women in the identification of colors is stronger than men, and visual male advantage is reflected in the sensitivity of the details of distant objects and the ability to track fast-moving objects. The same red for men will become more red little contrary, the same green, for women will become greener, men see the green color will feel with a little yellow. The results also show that men in central vision when color-resolved spectra shape is relatively weak, such as blue, green and yellow. While men perceive visual strength reflected in the details of distant objects changes, especially in tracking other smaller objects or when the luminous body.
Six men love to eat meat, eat sweet woman. When eating sweets, women control hunger hypothalamic site activity will be weakened, so they need to eat more sweets to get a sense of satiety. And men are more eager to eat meat, which requires them in evolution more protein to build muscle related.
Seven men love to be alone, women love to talk. When the pressure increases, the human brain amygdala is activated. Men more active amygdala right portion, the left portion while women more active. This leads men will be taken out for a run, a variety of ways to vent anger or to be alone, etc. women will chat with your friends to get comfort.
Eight women make sex safe, happy man. Sex makes the female brain to produce more oxytocin, which allows the brain to produce love and sense of male brain will release more dopamine, which is a kind of happiness hormone, it is addictive .
(If you want to know, "What kind of men are more willing to take care of children," "Men see women's tears will happen", "Women do more noble ethics," and so interesting topic Stay tuned tomorrow to know daily.)
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