Double Ninth Festival, after the autumn is an important traditional festival. China's traditional culture, the "nine" as positive as the maximum number, and the ninth day of September, two nine words with heavy, so in a variety of activities held on this day, had been given a special meaning. For example, Chung Yeung is to draw the world yang, in order to hasten a refuge and drink chrysanthemum wine, cornel customs, but also with the hope of health, longevity means.
Chrysanthemums and Cornel, is playing a role in the Chung Yeung Festival Shifenzhongyao for two types of plants, while most of chrysanthemum staggering. Rewards chrysanthemum, drink chrysanthemum wine, eating cake Ju, Chung Yeung Festival has become a landmark customs. So, exactly how to contact Chrysanthemum Chung Yeung festival together?
Chongyang reward is what "daisy"?
To say Chongyang Shangju, then our reward in the end is what it chrysanthemum?
If you put aside the Chung Yeung Festival not to mention, there are too many lives we can enjoy the "Chrysanthemum": as cut flowers and gerbera daisies, cornflowers and garden planted Gazania, and can form large flowers of Persia chrysanthemum, etc. these names are beautiful flowers with a "daisy" word. This is because they all belong to a large family Asteraceae.
All Compositae, have a common feature, that is, they seem dazzling flower "flower" is actually made inflorescence composed of many flowers. For feverfew, we see that each one "petal", and each "flower", are in fact a separate flowers. But, those seemingly "petal" flowers, corolla especially prolonged, so called ray florets, and because the position of the edge, the edge is also known as flower, and like "flower" flowers are small, tubular corolla, tubular flowers so called because its location in the middle, it is also known as disk flowers.
Therefore, with such features to judge around us is so much chrysanthemums, for example, we are familiar with dandelion, sunflower, and recently well known Artemisia annua, Artemisia annua, are "daisy" (Compositae). In these "daisy", some inflorescence composed entirely of ray florets (such as dandelion), and some both ray florets, have tubular flowers (such as sunflowers), Asteraceae whole therefore divided into subfamilies and ray florets tubular flower subfamily two categories.
But obviously these "daisy" is not the traditional sense of chrysanthemum. Chung Yeung Festival tours the chrysanthemum, but all over the world more than 30,000 species of Compositae in one, namely, tubular flowers subfamily genus Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium) this species. However, is this just one of the favorite because of its long history and of our people, has become a wide variety of different uses of a large family, but further into the representative of the Asteraceae.
"Fresh" Ju long away
Although chrysanthemum colorful, shapes and sizes, but most people are beginning to use the daisy is not used to enjoy, and more is used for human consumption, and the production of chrysanthemum wine.
People drink edible chrysanthemum history, much earlier than Shangju. In Qu Yuan's Lament in it wrote: "The fall towards drink Mulan Xi Lu, fallen evening meal Chrysanthemum," shows that as early as the Warring States period, people may have been edible chrysanthemum history. By the Han Dynasty, to make a daisy chrysanthemum wine, has become a very popular custom. Record anecdotal anecdote Western Han Dynasty, "Xijing" on the record and said:. "Juhua (" China "through" flower ") when Shu and leaf mining, miscellaneous brewing of millet to 9 September next year, veraison , to drink Yan, so that the Juhua wine. " Visible, chrysanthemum wine Western Han Dynasty, not only with chrysanthemums, and also add chrysanthemum stems and leaves, which is probably a more intense use of the smell of chrysanthemum stems and leaves, to increase the chrysanthemum wine flavor.
To the Tang Dynasty, the Chung Yeung Festival has become as widespread public festivals, and chrysanthemum wine Chung Yeung Festival has become a pair of fixed match. Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai in "29 Mountaineer" wrote: "Because recruit white people, yellow chrysanthemum me laugh discretion does not allow Italy, crossing the imaginary Chongyang.." But this time, the stems and leaves into the wine diet gradually diminishes, more single daisy with fermented rice together, directly or daisy immersed in the wine, so that wine with a yellowish color and fragrance of chrysanthemum. Until today, chrysanthemum wine still in use a thousand years ago in the production process.
The ancients prefer taking daisy, chrysanthemum is actually caused by a variety of characteristics of the association. First, and most other plants, including many different feverfew, chrysanthemum and more open in late autumn, "when the flowers bloom I kill" and therefore gives a sense and the cream in bloom characteristics, it is easy to make people think of "tough," "longevity" and therefore also gives daisy a "meaning longevity," the. Secondly, there chrysanthemums stems and leaves and flowers in a variety of volatile substances, eaten or soaked in wine drinking, special aroma of these substances would give people a sense of "refreshing", the more people think Daisy will have a "light body "," health "effect. Therefore, believe in "Heaven" in ancient times, feeding chrysanthemum, expecting to achieve "longevity" effect, is not surprising.
From "drink" to "reward"
Of course, if people just used the chrysanthemum wine ingredients and flavors, I am afraid it can not achievement chrysanthemum fame today. And people began to take the chrysanthemum plant, it is chrysanthemum to become so diverse reasons.
Historically, the first recorded people to take the initiative to plant chrysanthemums, probably Yuanming must go. "Mining Ju Dong, leisurely Nanshan now" planted chrysanthemums, Tao Yuanming became indifferent seclusion, proud lingering manifestation of the spirit. However, Tao Yuanming planted at Tori chrysanthemum, ornamental not its primary motivation, more, or easy to do mining wine, otherwise, why is the "take Ju" mean? Tao "Drinking" is also clearly written: "The Story of Qiu has good color, Yi Lu Ying drop its pan-lotus this thing, I left the world far from a love feast, although only the best, the best cup poured from the pot..." Visible, fluctuate chrysanthemum wine, and the fragrance of chrysanthemum wine with chrysanthemum, let lone poet among the spiritual realm.
Tao Yuanming hermit wind, gradually become the object of pursuit of the literati, and chrysanthemums planted in the courtyard, has become the literati and elite sought by Tao way of life performance. However, when moving away from materialistic chrysanthemum eat, drink features, will inevitably draw attention to the aesthetic function, and therefore since the Jin Dynasty, wild chrysanthemum gradually from the "yellow", evolved out of a specifically for ornamental branch. After many years of breeding and working people, ornamental chrysanthemum varieties continuously enriched.
Li Bai, "laughed discretion yellow Chrysanthemum" in the chrysanthemum is also the main Chrysanthemum with yellow. And after less than a hundred years, Bai "Fu white chrysanthemum Chongyang gallery" on the record "turmeric yellow chrysanthemum flower garden, there are solitary clump color like cream," visible in the Tang Dynasty, because Chongyang Shangju has become a common high society customs, so as the people on breeding varieties of chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum flower color is no longer limited to yellow, white chrysanthemum varieties have emerged.
By the Song Dynasty, chrysanthemum color richer. Southern Song Dynasty poet Zhu Shuzhen "daisy" poem: "soil can flower white but red, later years can still love this work", visible in red Chrysanthemum in this rarely seen color, also has appeared in the Song Dynasty. To the Qing Dynasty, "Kwan Fong broad spectrum", has been recorded chrysanthemum varieties 300-400, attributed to the ten categories. And in recent years, statistics show that the number of chrysanthemum varieties up to 3000 or more.
How so many species of chrysanthemum is the origin of the flower is a study Poweizhongyao extremely complex issue. According to morphological, cellular and molecular studies show, so many varieties of chrysanthemum ancestors, their ancestors should be in Mao Huaju genus, Chrysanthemum, and several other wild species and hybrids constantly introduced red chrysanthemum, chamomile, etc. lineage. The formation and differentiation of species throughout the chrysanthemum species, showing a huge mesh hybrid system, frequent hybridization, as well as control chrysanthemum itself gene mutation inflorescence development, making the Chrysanthemum, Mao Huaju originally has also changed to disk flowers tongue flowers, and has a spoon-shaped, curled and other forms, the chrysanthemum "petals" seemed more abundant levels, forms and more magnificent.
For thousands of years, from obscurity chrysanthemum flowers, feeding the wild man, and then sought after by others Langzhong Court cents Pa, and with the Chung Yeung Festival Double Ninth cultural development, deepen inseparable. And domesticated varieties of chrysanthemum development, it is the performance of the health and longevity of people look forward to and the pursuit of beauty, and this is the important connotation of the Chung Yeung Festival.
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