March 24, according to Agence France-Presse news, A320 low-cost airline Germanwings belongs in the southern French Alps ski resort crashed plane carrying 144 passengers and six crew members, flight number 4U9525. Crashed aircraft registration number D-AIPX, belongs A320-200 aircraft, first flight time in November 1990, delivered in February next year, so far flown 24 years and 4 months, with a total flight time of 58,300 hour. This aircraft A320-200 history is more complex, involving several airline merger, German Wings in 2003. The plane was purchased, but the following year and handed over to the German wing of the parent company Lufthansa, until 2014 reissue German wings in January.
As of March 27 news, according to French and German investigators airliner cockpit voice recorder analysis, 4U9525 flight co-pilot Andreas Lubitz deliberately allegedly flew into a mountain, the cockpit voice recorder data show that after the captain left the cockpit the first officer to take full control of the aircraft, and the captain refused to open the door. After, 4U9525 flight within 10 minutes from the cruising altitude of 11,000 meters down to 2,000 meters, and disappeared from radar. Only from the current progress of the investigation of the accident can be speculated that the crash system crash caused by human factors 4U9525 flights, the event also sparked concerns about flight safety, after all, after the plane accident in terms of passengers and crew is not good news.
The crashed plane with registration number D-AIPX, belongs A320-200 aircraft, first flight time in November 1990, delivered in February next year, so far flown 24 years and 4 months
Unable to completely avoid the crash
Features of civil aviation is a greater risk and high investment, but also involves high technical support, such a large system requires not only the latest aviation security technology, but also the need for efficient management methods in order to maintain the security of civil aviation. From civil aviation operation system point of view, the main responsibility for flight safety has three parts, namely, airports, air traffic control and airlines. Responsible for airport security checks and aircraft safe landing, air traffic control task is to maintain smooth air traffic, airlines to ensure that pilots and aircraft in good mental health. In terms of aviation safety, the Western countries not only have advanced technology, as well as efficient and rational management system, but always in the crash "inadvertently" took place.
According to the US Federal Aviation Administration, 2013 is one of the safest in aviation history, the world has more than 35 million flight to fly, take flight more than three billion people, the death toll was 224, but by 2014 it strong rebound, two Malaysia Airlines passenger plane crashed on the contribution of 500 people. Today, as one of the safest aircraft of transport is based on each of the past along with aviation accidents over any accident flight safety measures are improved and established a key role. For example, in 1956 the United States Grand Canyon crash let the nation's airports have installed radar, comprehensive monitoring of 1983 Canada flight 797 crash completely changed retardant materials on commercial flights and emergency evacuation mechanisms.
Cause of the crash can be attributed to so few categories: man-made causes, weather, mechanical failures and other incidental factors. Since the aircraft for commercial aviation since the crash caused by human factors account for all accidents 7-8 as above, is the largest factors of air disasters, man-made causes related to four main: pilots and ground maintenance, air traffic control and other staff. Human-induced crash pilots play an important role in the past 50 years of commercial aviation accident statistics, the pilot of the problem more than 70% of the total number of accidents, even simple repeat accidents will occur approximately every 1000 times repetitive operations may have a mistake occurred. If the pilot by other factors that affect family, work and psychological probability of error will be larger.
For man-made causes of the accident, Airbus and Boeing have a flight control who has rights dispute, Airbus and Boeing are the top two major commercial aircraft manufacturers in the world, but the design has two large difference . Airbus stressed that the computer control of the aircraft, in many flight control environment, restricted the pilot's behavior onboard computer, such as this flight 4U9525 crashes involving A320-200 models, when the aircraft is cruising altitude , aircraft pilots to get into the danger of flight, the servo will have a strong resistance, Airbus automatic control system will begin to supervise the pilot's behavior. Judging from the last flight 4U9525 flight path, although its height down very fast, but the machine until the last person to realize that I crashed into a mountain, and this is Airbus aircraft crashed into a mountain into the suicide mode of the fastest tracks in the artificial control on-board computer apparently does not allow pilots to fly near vertical attitude.
Boeing and Airbus are not the same point of view, that the computer never fly Boeing pilots for maximum control of the aircraft, that pilot overhead can autopilot system according to their intentions flight. For example, the Boeing 737 pilots to increase thrust, can be used to adjust the throttle pushrod Airbus aircraft in the automatic control system can not intervene under the pilot throttle control. Boeing emphasizes people emergency handling ability, and Airbus believes people must be wrong, the computer is the most secure. From the current investigation 4U9525 flight watch, A320-200 computer at least shorten the time passengers fear, from 2,000 meters high crashed into a mountain as long as the blink of an eye.
Crash caused by human factors has been greatly reduced
Weather impact on flight safety, and is also very important for a pilot, the visibility within the permissible range of obstacles in front of the route must be distinguished judge contour, height and speed of the target. Atmospheric clouds, fog, wind, etc. will affect flight safety, once the lack of visibility, pilots can choose alternate other airports or choose ILS, occurred in 1977, two accidents on 747 collided with poorer visibility. According to China's "Civil Aviation Flight Regulations", encountered in flight during takeoff and landing clouds, ice and other weather conditions affect flight safety, need to bypass these dangerous airspace. Constitute the greatest impact on aviation safety is wind shear, especially in flight during takeoff and landing, low-level wind shear in a short time to make flight departing flights take off or decline, and the emergence of highly out of the situation. Modern airliners generally installed weather radar that wind shear on the route and other unexpected weather early warning.
With the development of aviation technology, the amount of the accident flight mechanical failure caused by a decreasing trend, the main function of a large airliner has more than two sets of backups, such as aircraft hydraulic systems, JAL Flight 123 accident on with this. Aircraft engines typically have two or more, as long as a normal operation will be able to return to the airport, while the probability of both engines to fail simultaneously is very, very low, so if you run into an accident, it would be only resigned. In addition, mechanical failure also relates to metal fatigue, instrument malfunction, these failures occurred more often in the last accident, with advances in aviation technology, mechanical failure rate is not high.
Other factors, flight bird strike, engine inhaled foreign body, the probability of accidents missile mistakenly hit the like are not large, domestic more than flights have also been bird strike event, the last safe landing ground, such as last October, Xiamen Airlines flights to suffer migratory birds impact, nose, engine parts all have varying degrees of damage. Probability of a missile mistakenly hit even lower, most recently to the number of Malaysia Airlines MH-17 flights, the 2001 Siberia Airlines Tu-154 airliner over the Black Sea downed C-200 anti-aircraft missiles, 1988. Iranian Airbus a-300 was shot down by surface-to-air missiles are relatively well-known event of mis-hits.
Massachusetts Institute of Aviation Safety Aviation safety experts had been calculated, if you take a trip flights every day, encountered a crash takes 30,000 years or so. Especially modern passenger aircraft with more advanced flight control and automation systems, mechanical failure rate has been greatly reduced, both major crash involving human factors, therefore, the future aircraft will be a balance between the authority and the pilots onboard computer, reduce computer errors probability, but also allow the computer to correct and prevent wrongdoing pilots.
(Author: Sheridan)
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