Every spring, the cherry blossoms are in full bloom in East Asia. When the annual cherry blossom, cherry origin of the dispute in East China, Japan, South Korea, the three countries will appear on the media.
This year China's experts and the media seems particularly high profile. During the "two sessions", the CPPCC National Committee Wang Rong Bao submitted appeal to the state to support the development of the cherry industry proposal. There are media reports mentions cherry "from the Chinese Himalayas," "it had been applied since the Qin and Han dynasties among the palace, and after passing the Japanese."
Now to the end of March, Japan's most famous cherry "Yoshino" in the three countries were involved in the flowering stage, the South Korean media as usual annual publicity from the "Yoshino is our" Come, and Chinese cherry Industry Association Executive Chairman He Zongru more languages amazing - According to the "Nanfang Dushi Bao" reported March 29 that the Association held a press conference in Guangzhou, He Zongru said at the meeting, cherry neither it originated in Japan, nor originated in South Korea, but originated in China. "As a Chinese person, we have a responsibility to let more people know this history."
In fact, if you figure out "Sakura" is defined, the origin of the cherry now in basic science is a very clear thing, and not so much dispute - wild cherry millions of years ago was born in the Himalayas, but modern cultivation cherry blossoms, it is many years ago in Japan, the Japanese breeding out.
Today cultivation "Sakura": core species are unique to Japan, but also to cultivate mainly in Japan
Sakura is not a flower, but many species and cultivars collectively. In horticulture opinion, cherry Rosaceae cherry Prunus subgenus (scientific name Prunus subg. Cerasus, sometimes independently specialized Cerasus Cerasus) all species collectively. But for the public, above all those cherry through artificial cultivation, often already widely cultivated species and varieties. Therefore, we first take into wild cherry and cherry planting cherry categories. Origin of the origin of wild and cultivated cherry cherry in science are two distinct issues.
First is the origin of cultivated cherry - this is the general mean when we say "Sakura origins" wants to say. Cultivated varieties of cherry extremely diverse, can be classified in various ways. More common is the flowering of the cherry by cherry divided into early, middle cherry, cherry and late winter cherry. Early Sakura, the cherry and late cherry blossom only in the spring, in order to phenology Shanghai region, the early cherry (on behalf of varieties Hejin cherry) is flowering in late February to mid-March and early May, the cherry (on behalf of varieties is a Yoshino cherry tree ) flowering in late March to early April, late cherry (on behalf of mountain cherry variety is off) is flowering in late April to early May. As winter cherry, it can often be twice a year to spend, once in the spring, the cherry and the basic year, and once in early winter in early October to November. In addition to press flowering, but also by other traits like flower diameter classification.
While so many varieties of dazzling, but as their wild ancestors not much. All these wild species are cultivated cherry repeated breeding, hybrid creatures. Therefore, when discussing the origin of cultivated cherry, the first to find out as its wild ancestors which distributed where.
Previously relatively backward technology, these are still quite difficult to but after molecular biology techniques developed, many previously incurable have been more satisfactory answer. Now we can safely say that the vast majority of cultivated cherry varieties are derived from the five wild species, which are Prunus speciosa, Xia cherry, wild cherry tree, large leaves early cherry (Japan name "Edo shore") and bell flowers cherry (Japan name "Han Fei Ying"). In this five wild species, the first four have grown wild in Japan, Oshima cherry or even Japanese endemic, native to the Kanto region Izu, Boso Peninsula to the Izu Islands. "Prunus speciosa" The name is derived from the Izu Islands main island - Izu Oshima.
In fact, Oshima cherry cherry cultivation can be said that the "soul", a lot of very famous cherry varieties contain Prunus speciosa lineage. Take several varieties preceding cited an example: Kawazu cherry is Prunus speciosa and hybrid bell flowers Guan Shan Ying is a cross between Prunus speciosa and mountain Yoshino is Prunus speciosa with large leaves early cherry hybrids . It is not difficult to see, modern cherry cultivation of strains with very distinctive characteristics of the Japanese mainland, they are almost impossible to even born in the core as a breeding species Prunus speciosa wild are not distributed in China.
In the five cultivated cherry wild ancestor, the last bell flower cherry reportedly the first island in the Okinawa islands of Ishigaki (with China Taiwan closer distance) grows wild, but there may be transplanted from China, South China, and it may not be made in Japan. However, the bell cherry blossom in China not long-term development and utilization, but after that it was only introduced to Japan the Japanese cherry cultivation enthusiastically into the system in the past. Since early flowering cherry bell flowers, so many early cherry are its offspring, greatly broadened the flowering cherry tree in the spring. As a result, even the cultivation of cherry blossom cherry bell containing descent, origin is still in Japan, not in China.
Millions of years ago Wild "Sakura": originated in the Himalayas
If you say the origin of the wild cherry tree, that is another matter. Indeed, some studies show biogeography, is born more than 100 kinds of wild cherry ancestors may have originated in the Himalayan region, after the origin, it will be to the north temperate regions other diffusion, wherein a reach through this eastern China and the Korean Peninsula Japanese archipelago. However, be sure to remember these things happen in a few million years Oligocene and Miocene, when China and Japan as the two countries do not yet exist - even humans simply does not exist as a human ancestor Australopithecus far in Africa yet. When Homo sapiens out of Africa about 70,000 years ago, about 40,000 years ago, arriving in East Asia, the Japanese archipelago have long been at least eight kinds of wild cherry up. Many people advocate cherry originated in China like to make Japan a "big cherry Kam" as evidence that the book refers to "cherry originated in the Himalayan region." However, others said that of the origin of the wild cherry tree, cherry tree planting origin is not - that is not understood by most people, "the origin of the cherry." It is because some Chinese experts, intentionally or unintentionally confuse these two issues, with the origin of wild cherry to mislead the public, and even spread "Sakura was introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty," the myths, not only so that the original controversial issues cherry origin in China has become a "mystery."
As for Japan and South Korea cherry cultivation dispute the origin of the case and the Japan-China dispute and differences. First, the Korean just think this Yoshino varieties originated in South Korea only. Secondly, the Korean assertion would have been a scientific hypothesis is indeed history. Jeju Island, South Korea South Jeolla Province in the south and a wild "Wang Ying", the form and Yoshino somewhat similar. Because of this, in 1932, a Japanese botanist small fountain was first proposed Yoshino cherry hypothesis may be derived from the king (Please note that this is speculation the Japanese themselves raised). But then more and more evidence that the Yoshino cherry Oshima cherry and large leaves early hybrids, Koizumi's hypothesis does not hold. A molecular studies in 2007 even more clearly show the king Yoshino cherry and belong to different strains are not related. So far, Koizumi's hypothesis completely become history, and then used as evidence of a Yoshino cherry tree originated in South Korea is completely incompatible with the scientific spirit.
According to Flora of China ( "Flora of China" in English revision) statistics, China has 38 kinds of wild cherry, of which 29 species are endemic to China. Of course, this number is more than the Japanese wild cherry, if to be developed, it is entirely possible to cultivate excellent cultivated cherry variety. However, in the Chinese traditional culture, not in the most famous cherry flowers in the name of the column is impossible and plum, orchid, chrysanthemum, peony, lotus flowers, etc. These first par. Although the Northern and Southern outset cherry singing poetry, but in the vast Chinese ancient books, but a millet, far less than those of traditional Chinese singing flowers of poetry and more. We must acknowledge, let the world famous cherry culture is Japanese, not Chinese (Nature is not Korean). If not stick Japanese culture light, even with China's own traditional culture is impossible to make the cherry industry output value reached one trillion yuan of "giant cake". If China's cherry industry needs to rely on "cherry originated in China, and later introduced to China," saying escort, then at least I myself hate behind such propaganda and reflect certain mentality.
So, if you have to let me use a simple words to explain the origin of the cherry blossoms, then I can only say: as cherry cultivation is originated in Japan, other countries do not fight it.
(This article originally appeared shell network, reprinted with permission from the author)
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