Recently, a lawsuit due to family misfortune triggered by a strange term "frozen embryos," pushed to the front of the public. It began a couple both died because of a car accident, and they both parents for the "continuation of incense," because the competition for the couple at the hospital retained frozen embryos court. The final verdict, since the existing laws and regulations, the two sides were unable to obtain ownership of the frozen embryos.
This thing continues, then what is the frozen embryos, it is what kind of use, there is such a thing for our life, what impact?
[Frozen - so that life still]
We all have this common sense: let's buy fruits and vegetables stay fresh longer, to put them in the refrigerator for poultry meat, the best even frozen, so that it will not quickly perishable . Low temperature, it is possible to reduce or even stop the activity of biochemical reactions within cells, which play inhibit microbial activity, slowing the intracellular material consumption and other effects. And after warming up, biochemical reactions inside the cell and can be restored. Thus, if people think living through frozen to preserve biological tissues, and thus resume its active life after thawing.
For the biopsy samples, we can not as straightforward as frozen poultry meat thrown into the freezer, because this cooling process, when it reaches the freezing point of water within the cell will produce sharp ice crystals, which pierce the cell, so that loss of cell activity. Therefore, the living tissue cryopreserved need to add ingredients suitable cryoprotectant, and then through a specific cooling step, the sample temperature drops to minus 196 , thereby preventing large ice crystals generated, and finally stored in liquid nitrogen being. Such a process can be frozen after heating to ensure maximum recovery of activity of the organization. It can be said, is to make life still freezing technology. Currently this technology is very mature. A variety of cells and tissues, including viruses, bacteria, cell lines, semen, etc., can be preserved by freezing. The frozen embryos, embryo cryopreservation is aimed at technology.
[More] usefulness of frozen embryos
Frozen embryo technology was born in 1972. British scholar Whittingham invented slow embryo cryopreservation method, the first successful cryopreservation of mouse embryos. Embryo freezing technology first to be applied to animal husbandry. After obtaining embryonic breeding livestock can rely on frozen stored and transported, and then split with the embryo transfer technology can greatly expand the work of breeding livestock breeding.
Of course, since animal embryos can be cryopreserved, the nature of human embryos to be. Human embryo freezing technology is accompanied by a test-tube baby technology generated. The so-called test-tube baby, the couple refers to the collection of sperm and eggs, in vitro fertilization, after obtaining the embryo, and then re-implanted into the woman's uterus to develop into fetuses technology. In the implementation of the IVF process, usually collect multiple eggs and fertilized, which develops into multiple embryos. Usually for the treatment of infertility in couples, only a few implanted embryo conceived child can achieve the purpose. However, due to embryo transfer and pregnancy the possibility of failure, so people through the frozen embryo technique, the excess embryos frozen and stored, the current failure after transplant can retransplantation, thereby improving the success rate of pregnancy, and save time and costs. World's first successful transplantation of embryo freezing newborns born in 1984, but now has gone through 30 years, during countless infertility patients have sent the child's well-being, we can say that this is a very mature technology.
[Frozen embryos - trouble was legal and ethical]
However, while frozen embryos is technically no problem, but on the legal and ethical set off a firestorm, but also triggered a lot of controversy and even lawsuits beginning of this article is an example of the reality. One of the most contentious topic is frozen embryos, whether human or material.
In law, a natural person can have ownership of an item, but for the people, a person only within a specific time custody of another person, without ownership. For frozen embryos, it is in a stationary state, but have the potential to develop into a normal, thus has dual properties of matter and the and many of the frozen embryos not required by law, thus creating a legally frozen embryos "neither man nor was" embarrassing situation.
In our country, laws and regulations of frozen embryos is mainly based on "human assisted reproductive technology management approach" in the Ministry of Health issued in 2001 and the "human assisted reproductive technology norms" and "human sperm bank ethical principles and techniques of assisted reproduction", etc. regulatory documents. Which provides for the processing of the body of the embryo to provide sperm for couples, embryo treatment of patients should follow a couple of observations or documents signed. In the beginning of the case, the couple died, so the loss of the embryo's but at the same time, the law does not provide for the transfer of the embryo has the power and discretion of the way, thus making the management of embryos reverted to hospital, in accordance couple life before the two signed documents execution.
The reason for this is not clear frozen embryos its properties, an important consideration is that if frozen embryos once materialized, will inevitably involve the transfer of ownership and transfer of embryos, even derived from the trading problems. In addition, in this case, since the hospital after the expiration of embryos stored in the document destruction by freezing embryos, and both parents are still expecting to give birth to the use of frozen embryos grandchildren. But it is clear, to make frozen embryos develop into fetuses, must go through a surrogate. At present in our country, a surrogate or an illegal act. This precedent will cause many legal disputes, even underground surrogacy and other illegal phenomena. On the other hand, due to the one-child policy, loss of independence for the elderly want grandchildren are normal emotional needs, it should be supported. Whereby between the legitimate needs of the people and strict policies and regulations have had a sharp contradiction.
[Frozen embryos - need statutory regulation]
In summary, because of "non-material non-human" attribute frozen embryos, as well as related to the reproductive process required surrogate operation, so that the non-frozen embryos for couples own property and the right to become very complicated process. Therefore, I believe that the current to be addressed is through legislation to make way for a clear definition of property frozen embryos, eliminating the "non-human non-material" gray state, to resolve the particular case of the death of the couple's embryo ownership disputes. In addition to the surrogate phenomenon, it should also be considered strictly managed through legislation, to meet the special needs of the premise of human rights violations and prevent the emergence of personal injury events. On the other hand, in terms of science and technology should also strengthen the research, development of new non-human in vivo embryo cultivation techniques, in order to avoid that dismal and embarrassing events that occur at the beginning.
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