Elisha Perkins (Elisha Perkins) 1741 was born in the British colonies in North America Connecticut, with his father to study medicine and become a very successful doctor. The United States after independence, in 1796 Perkins obtained a patent, which is a condition known as Perkins tractor thing, is two three inches long, a sharp metal rod is made of an alloy of iron and child Perkins claims that are made of a special alloy, head and face treat inflammation, pain and rheumatism, is pressed against the sick part way for 20 minutes, so that you can pull out the harmful pathogenic electron fluid in vitro.
Connecticut Medical Association believes Perkins tractor is deception, Perkins will be expelled from the Association. Perkins win three US Institute of Medicine and the Royal Danish Friedrich hospital surgeon 12 support, but also win the support of many celebrities, and even George? Washington also bought a set. Perkins claimed to rule the rate of 5000, Perkins tractor received a warm welcome in Europe.
After fame, Perkins persistent efforts, invented a drug to treat diarrhea and sore throat, the 1799 yellow fever epidemic in New York, Perkins went to test their new drugs, did not think the Ship Even Sank die first, but died Yellow fever.
In that year, the British doctors John Haygarth (John Haygarth) started studying sell 5 gold coins set of Perkins tractor effect, he used the same stick made of wood, to 5 rheumatism treatment in which four patients showing pain eased. The next day, he used Perkins tractor on their treatment, the resulting effect is the same. Haygarth concluded that simply do not need to use such an expensive metal rods, and later the results of animal experiments show no effect Perkins tractor.
This phenomenon is known as the placebo found Haygarth (Placebo) effect, after a hundred years of research until the 1960s, the placebo effect was only widely accepted, new drugs and therapies start verification using a random double-blind design, but also to a large sample, the purpose is to rule out the placebo effect.
Placebo effect common, even up to 1/3 in treatment, especially for pain, muscle fatigue, fever and other symptoms directly controlled by the brain. 1974, can be found and the opioid receptor binding of endorphins (Endorphins), so that the principle of the placebo effect have a better understanding. The study found a placebo can be removed naloxone (Naloxone) for blocking endorphins, the body's own endorphins so that play a role, relieve pain and other symptoms. Many alternative therapies such as acupuncture effect is the placebo effect.
Turin University conducted a test to patients after intravenous infusion, the first group to tell them no pain medication, they may be told the second group of saline may be painkillers, and the third group was told they could only pain medication if they feel pain, then you can take pain medication requirements, the results of the third set of the first group of less than 33% of the administered painkillers, the second group than the first group taking less than 20%.
UCSF is to unplug the wisdom of the placebo patients, does have the effect of relieving pain, one hour after naloxone to some patients, the results of which some patients feel pain, proved to be the placebo effect of endorphins effect.
Can cause the placebo effect can play at least alleviate the symptoms of purpose, but appear placebo effect is off the mark, when the Spirit when not working, it has been found to be caused by the doctor's medicine level, in fact, is itself unstable and the placebo effect caused by irregular, particularly in the treatment and alternative therapies with conventional therapy, since the effect of these treatments is substantially achieved by the placebo effect.
Exactly how the placebo effect occurs?
In 2008, MIT did a test, they recruited 82 healthy volunteers, let them read a manual on new painkillers, and then randomly divided into two groups, we are taking the same kind of candy, a group of tell them $ 2.50 a sugar pill, another group of candy and tell them a $ 0.10 dollar, in addition to no explanation. Test approach is through the wrist to detect a mild electric shock to pain tolerance, click on each individual before and after taking the medication, the results of that $ 2.50 a group of 83% of the participants were able to endure more pain, and the other group, only 61% of the participants were able to tolerate more pain.
This test reveals people's minds Xianpinaifu inherent psychological, it is generally considered a good quality expensive stuff, in terms of medication, expensive drugs or treatments considered most effective. Drug trademark protection expires after, there will be cheaper non-trademarked drugs, but the drug is still expensive trademark selling well, because it is more expensive drugs effective psychological effect. In the United States, too, the effect of acupuncture and other alternative therapies, as compared to the hospital, tie down a course of acupuncture, deductibles will be much higher, so people believe that acupuncture is more effective. No noticeable effect on the market, many supplements also flooded and therefore popular, especially those who often supplements a few dollars.
Why crooks can make big money, but also the same reason, because those who did not take the puerile way crooks make money. This Xianpinaifu psychological more common in Asians, from luxury to be able to see jewelry, traditional medicine and alternative therapies are more markets in Asia.
Today, many doctors intentionally use the placebo effect, for some have not the means of treating diseases and conditions, or those self-healing disease, your doctor may recommend therapy to relax, such as meditation, the effect is very good. But this approach to have boundaries, because many traditional therapies and drugs, alternative therapies, nutritional supplements have side effects or toxicity.
And if there mesmerized by some relatives and friends ineffective and harmful drugs or so-called health care products, how to do? One way is to buy candy or VC films, telling them this is a new wonder drug, very expensive, not only to make them from those things hurt, saves money, and it may be able to induce a placebo effect, reducing their pain and improve their health.
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