Vaccine is probably the greatest contribution to modern medicine in humanity. According to latest data released by the United Nations, if the existing large-scale promotion of the vaccine in the poorest 72 countries, up to 2024, will be able to save due to disease treatment costs of $ 6.2 if all children have access to timely vaccination , 2020, will be able to save 25 million lives. Compared with this, the cost of vaccination is very low. For example, UN data show Meningitis Vaccine average price of $ 0.58, $ 0.26 as long as the hepatitis B vaccine. US CDC data show that since 1994 the United States launched "the Vaccines for Children (children vaccinated)" action since the past 20 years because of vaccines, reducing the nation's 21 million hospitalizations, 732,000 deaths avoided. New England Journal of Medicine recently published article said that since 1888 through the analysis of data from 1924 to the present, the United States alone due to the vaccine to avoid the 103 million children suffering from infectious diseases.
A general increase in global vaccination coverage over the years. For example, DPT vaccination rate is often used as a national indicator of vaccine coverage, in 1980, only 20% of the world's children against this triple vaccine by 2012 had already reached 83%.
However, in recent years, because of the credit vaccine, a sharp decline in the incidence of infectious diseases, especially in some developed countries, people can no longer lead to personal experience the benefits of the vaccine, considered dispensable, even vaccines harmful rumors. A direct result of a refusal vaccinated people have a very substantial rise in some areas.
On the other hand, many people, even some doctors, vaccination contraindications indications of a clear understanding, tend to have a lot of mistakes, "common sense", such as a fever can not be vaccinated, or egg allergy can not be vaccinated, and so on, resulting in many people, especially parents, when inoculated in the end what to do and what should be avoided when a clear understanding of delay vaccination.
[] Common Misconceptions
That in the end what should be avoided when the vaccination, which is the case of contraindications, what circumstances need to be careful of it?
First is that which is a common misconception.
The most common misconceptions vaccine contraindications include the belief that these cases can not be vaccinated: diarrhea, mild upper respiratory tract infection, fever, mild local reactions to the vaccine before or moderate, ongoing antibiotic treatment, pregnant women, etc. Wait.
Specifically, although many people think that these cases are not vaccinated, but in fact is possible, is safe. Only said a few common ones:
DPT vaccine TDap: high fever last vaccination DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine) before seizures occur after vaccination DTap, but sustained no more than three after the last vaccination not more than three children continued to cry swelling after the last vaccination stabilizer neurological patients with ongoing immunosuppressive therapy.
Injectable polio vaccine for children: Before accepting once or more than once the oral polio vaccine for children.
Measles, mumps, rubella combined vaccine MMR: previous tuberculin skin test inoculation mother being women childbearing asymptomatic or mild symptoms of HIV allergic to eggs
Hepatitis B vaccine: pregnant patients' self-immune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
Inactivated influenza vaccine TIV: latex, iodine or not serious egg allergy.
Save alive flu vaccine LAIV: lactation.
Rotavirus: preterm people with immune suppression diseases or are using family have pregnant women.
This is just a very small part of the error lists common sense. That Jutilaiyue, what circumstances are contraindications, which is the need to be careful of it?
Because the vaccine is too many, can not list them. Just pick up a few common.
Allergy: allergic to eggs, you need to avoid the flu vaccine and yellow fever vaccine, other vaccines are safe. Gelatin allergy should avoid MMR, varicella, and zoster vaccines.
Is being treated with antibiotics: if you are using antiviral drugs within 48 hours after treatment should not receive influenza vaccine alive reduction LAIV, zoster vaccine and varicella vaccine. Do not use antiviral drugs within two weeks after vaccination. Inactivated influenza vaccine is possible.
Taking aspirin: Save alive only flu vaccine LAIV should be avoided.
Nursing mothers: All vaccines can be vaccinated.
Mild disease, with or without fever, diarrhea include: Only because LAIV is sprayed into the nasal cavity, nasal need to wait until the symptoms improved after use. Other vaccines can be vaccinated. That is also when the fever can be vaccinated.
Moderate to severe disease: Once in recovery can be vaccinated.
With heart disease: You should avoid LAIV.
HIV-infected persons: BCG should be avoided, LAIV influenza vaccine, no serious immunosuppression may be vaccinated MMR triple Rotavirus vaccine requires caution. The need to avoid typhoid, yellow fever vaccine.
Otitis media: Whether or not a fever, in addition to severe otitis media should wait for the recovery stage, other mild otitis media can be vaccinated.
Pregnant women: Pregnant women should avoid anthrax vaccine, BCG, LAIV (TIV encourage women received influenza vaccine), hepatitis A vaccine, HPV vaccine HPV, MMR, DPT, typhoid, chicken pox, shingles vaccine.
Before allergy: if there is a severe allergic reaction, should avoid vaccination again. But if only partial skin allergies, you can then inoculated.
TB skin test positive: all vaccine can be vaccinated.
to sum up
Again be summarized on a few common specific vaccine.
DTaP Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine: Absolute contraindications: Before the vaccine or in which there is a strong component of systemic before severe encephalopathy within 7 days after the inoculation. After in severe acute phase of severe, worsening neurological higher than 40.5 C high temperature can not explain the last occurrence within 48 hours after occur within 48 hours of symptoms of shock: the need for caution children cry more than 3 hours of seizures occur within 72 hours.
Inactivated influenza vaccine: Absolute contraindications: severe allergic reactions after vaccination appear before, or severe allergy to eggs. Need careful: moderate to severe acute disease stage, mild fever or other diseases can be vaccinated as usual.
Deactivated flu vaccine LAIV (nasal): Contraindications: severe allergic severe allergy to chronic lung disease such as asthma, reactive airway disease, heart disease, diabetes, blood diseases such as sickle immunization deficiency positive use of salicylic acid drugs such as pregnant had Guillian-Barr syndrome.
Cankaoziliao
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/vac-admin/downloads/contraindications-guide-508.pdf
This article has copyright by the daily newspaper http://zhidao.baidu.com/daily Baidu know or provided by content partners authorized without written permission Daily Baidu know, any third party individual or organization may not be copied, reproduced excerpts, mirrors or in any other way use. Baidu know the daily chase responsibility and rights reserved. Contact mailbox zhidaoribao@baidu.com
Article Source: Baidu know daily (http://zhidao.baidu.com/daily)
Original link: http: //zhidao.baidu.com/daily/view id = 135?