In addition to diarrhea, fever is the second most common disease than children, with age of onset under the age of two, is the case almost every parent has had to face, but also unnecessary therapy and overtreatment hardest hit.
Due to historical reasons, diarrhea and now often referred to as indigestion, this statement applies traditional medicine is very misleading, diarrhea and indigestion are two different concepts in modern medicine, which is why science can not accommodate conventions ChengSu s reason. Infantile Diarrhea refers to the frequent bowel movements and stools, resulting in water and electrolyte disorders, thereby causing dehydration, due to the small child's age, the course may progress quickly, severe diarrhea in infants and young children have life-threatening. Infantile diarrhea with two peak periods in summer, mostly caused by bacteria, the fall was mainly caused by a virus, severe diarrhea was mainly caused by rotavirus, so little infantile diarrhea and digestive function relationship or digestive conditions, the majority of It belongs to the category of infectious diseases.
Rotavirus type A are present all over the world, leading to diarrhea caused each year nearly 500,005 children under the age of death. China rotavirus infection in children each year about 17 million, nearly 40,000 deaths. This virus is very adapt to the environment, in the air and objects can survive for several days, commonly used to kill bacteria and parasites disinfection methods for rotavirus little effect, so pay attention to hygiene and prevention of rotavirus infection is not well .
Rotavirus primarily through the fecal-oral route, may also be spread by the respiratory route, mainly by children infected by the virus and the surface of the object infected patients per gram feces contain 10 trillion virus, only less than 100 virus can form infection. After an investigation, China's every child before the age of five are caused by too rotavirus diarrhea, which occurred in 94% 2 years ago.
Rotavirus causes diarrhea so common, pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene can not effectively prevent, the only effective way is vaccinated.
Rotavirus vaccine since 1998 listed, has been plagued by security problems. Rotavirus vaccine is the first listed company's Wyeth RotaShield, clinical trials showed that the ability to prevent severe diarrhea in infants is 80% to 100%. But we found every 12,000 vaccinated can cause intussusception 1, so removed from the market in 1999.
In early 2006, Merck's pentavalent vaccine orally active RotaTag approved by the FDA, the rotavirus vaccine to be vaccinated three times, respectively, at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months of age. Clinical trials showed that the infant protection force of this vaccine for rotavirus was 74% protection force infants to severe rotavirus caused 98%.
In 2008, Glaxo's Rotarix oral deactivated monovalent vaccine approved by the FDA, the rotavirus vaccine to be vaccinated twice, respectively in 2 months and 4 months of age, clinical trials showed that the vaccine against rotavirus infant diarrhea caused by protective force 74.7% of infants with severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus protection force reached 90.4%.
After the advent of the two vaccines in the country after the United States, Belgium, Australia, Austria, vaccination of infants hospitalized due to severe rotavirus diarrhea was reduced by 50% to 87%. Infants vaccinated American children due to severe rotavirus hospitalizations decreased 89%. In addition also reduce seizures caused by rotavirus infection.
The second generation shows the control rotavirus virus diarrhea in infants effective capacity, but with the mass vaccination, safety issues arise again.
March 22, 2010, the detection of DNA in RotaTag PCV, it is because the pollution caused by the production process, resulting in FDA ordered a halt to the use of rotavirus vaccine, after an investigation found porcine circovirus no security for people threat, when the May 6, FDA lifted the ban.
Generation of intussusception in the vaccine remains the second-generation vaccine, the outcome of this year, after seven years of nearly 1.5 million cases RotaTag inoculation result analysis and found that for every 100,000 vaccinated infants can cause 1.5 cases of intussusception, after the first dose is emerging. Intussusception in unvaccinated infants rotavirus occur occasionally, less than one case per 100,000.
Rotarix vaccination not more than the number of 5-year results of more than 10 cases of vaccination were analyzed and found every 100,000 vaccinated infants can cause 5.3 cases of intussusception, also after the first dose appear.
Taking these few studies that inoculation of rotavirus vaccine can indeed slightly increase the risk of intussusception, inoculated per 100,000 infants will be 1-5 cases, this is far less than the risk of rotavirus infection can cause serious dangerous infantile diarrhea, and therefore does not affect the universal rotavirus vaccination.
According to Chinese data, rotavirus infection mortality between 2 to 2.5 per thousand, compared with intussusception prevalence of one hundred thousand live births 1-5 does nothing, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) the incidence of febrile seizures after vaccination is extremely of 8, much higher than the intussusception after rotavirus vaccination rate.
After the first dose of rotavirus vaccination after three weeks, pay attention to a child has abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, abdominal mass and other symptoms, once the continuous abdominal pain after symptoms appear, should immediately seek medical treatment.
Rotavirus is also expensive in terms of price, the United States has less than half the price of rotavirus few years ago, together with the recommended vaccines, medical insurance reimbursement. China belongs to the vaccine at their own expense, they have domestic vaccine. 2013 India successfully developed Rotavac, cheaper than existing vaccines in the price. There are several stages of rotavirus vaccines are being developed, as these vaccines continue to come out, the price of the vaccine will come down.
Rotarix and RotaTag compared to benefits are less vaccinated once, though the unit price, but by comparison, the effect and RotaTag close, the study found that the efficiency reached 91%, RotaTag compared with 92%. The vaccine must be vaccinated as required, for example, Rotarix vaccination if only one, then there are only 53% efficient. Another approach is the two vaccines was seeded by each one, there are up to 95% efficiency.
Domestic rotavirus vaccine by the Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, belong to the first generation vaccine, its effectiveness and safety research is far less than Rotarix and RotaTag, reportedly effectiveness between 60% to 70%, but this story doubtful, and this vaccine to be vaccinated every year. Rotarix and RotaTag effect in some South American countries is not very good, because there is no formal introduction of China, there is no information on the two vaccines against rotavirus popular Chinese protection capabilities.
Because of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection occurs mainly in infants under 2 years of age and can lead to severe diarrhea, and even the risk of illness, other measures including strict disinfection can not achieve effective preventive vaccine is the only effective means of prevention. Consider China's current situation, conditions should be vaccinated imported vaccines for the children of parents by the time required for vaccines rotavirus vaccine inoculation. If there are no conditions, whether domestic vaccine inoculation to see their specific circumstances of the.
On the rotavirus vaccine in the near future if there is no ability to produce an effective second-generation rotavirus vaccines, the authorities should immediately introduce foreign vaccine, in order to achieve universal vaccination, elimination of severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus in infants hazards.
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