According to Taiwan's TVBS today (February 4, 2015) reported the morning, TransAsia Airways ATR72 aircraft from Taipei Songshan Airport to Kinmen airport shortly after take-off crashed into the Keelung River. From the car driving recorder recorded picture on the road, the rear of the aircraft is likely to be (on the left) the critical engine failure properly controlled, the slope is too large out of control fell to the ground!
What is the critical engine (Critical Engine)
It refers to the so-called critical engine on a fixed-wing multi-engine aircraft, the greatest impact of that engine manipulation and performance of the aircraft if the failure. Propeller engine, the same as if the propeller is turning, by the P-Factor (due to rotation of the propeller blades rise and fall of tension generated by two and a half plane is not the same) Effect remaining left or right yaw moment generated not the same, which is used to control the rudder pedals the pilot to control the power of direction is not as big. (For four engines, when the outermost engine failure, when the power failure than the inside of the engine should be used for larger, so it can be called outside of the critical engine), usually for turbine engines or turbofan engine, which is our common that the engine without propeller, this effect is almost negligible, so it does not say the critical engine. As for the aviation industry and the unique hydraulic system connected to the engine, also known as the critical engine is not the focus of our attention today.
The right panel shows you can see on the left side of the aircraft when the engine is stopped, when compared to the right side of the left yaw torque generated by the engine when you stop working long, that is to say, the situation on the right direction with respect to the impact of aircraft bigger, so the right of the left engine failure is too much trouble, so the left side of the engine is the critical engine (critical engine).
Takeoff engine failure regulations
The airplane is not secure? Engine failure during take-off will have no way out?
Let's take a look at regulations for aircraft capability basic requirements:
Simply put, if the aircraft on a dry runway to take off, even in the most critical time, that is, we usually say that the speed of the aircraft exceeds V1, the pilot discovered an engine failure, this time the pilot continues to take off, even if the critical engine failure, aircraft you can reach the runway head 10.7 m (35 ft) in height, if it is wet runway, at least up to 4.6 meters (15 feet) in height.
For when a twin-engine aircraft engine failure, the aircraft can also be not less than 0.8% of net gradient of climb gradient to 400 feet, then climb gradient available still requires not less than 1.2%.
In layman's terms, that is, even during takeoff in the most adverse circumstances, if the engine fails, the aircraft design is also completely safe to take off.
For some airports, the airport due to the surrounding high buildings or mountains, aircraft are required to have a higher climb gradient, when the airline must establish a special position single program (EOSID), that is to say, engine failure during takeoff, the aircraft fly a particular route, which can meet the climb gradient aviation regulatory requirements. Sometimes it may be necessary to turn around the airport to meet the climb to a safe altitude, below shows a company's single Baoshan Airport Departure Chart
Take-off engine failure training requirements
Almost all of the pilots in training in both takeoff engine failure training requirements, but also to check the basic requirements of each training session. For example, the pilot examination requirements are an engine failure during take-off, can not be greater than 10 degrees and course deviation stable slope not greater than 5 degrees, and so on.
For special single departure procedures for pilots more required step, but still in the basic skills of the pilots, even if the engine failure particularly critical moment of departure procedures, pilots are not required to have special skills beyond the normal training . Therefore, the general sense, the pilot does not need special skills to complete turns and maneuvers off safely in order to avoid obstacles and carry on departure.
In the hundreds of times the normal take-off, when suddenly an aerial occasionally actual engine failure, even if the pilots will be prepared tense up. Usually a company running the airport is ten twenty or even hundreds, there is no possibility at all of the airports of training, with a special program for each single departure airport (if you need anything, most airports do not need), and are not the same, only the general requirements for pre-flight prep about special single departure procedures, so the real encounter this during takeoff landing this critical phase of the engine failure, the pilot will be trade-off individual.
Matsuyama airport departure procedures
I do not fly over Songshan Airport, but according to the online publication of aeronautical charts, the head of Runway 10 2.5 sea miles 150 degrees, or 28 degrees 2.1 sea miles of the runway 184 has a 1700 ft obstacle.
No matter which direction to take off, it will be required to maintain a 400 (ft / NM) or 450 to 4000 feet (ft / NM) to 4500 feet. This gradient is approximately 6.6% and 7.4%, this requirement is still relatively high.
I do not know what the specific use of the flight departure procedures, the company has not designed a special engine failure departure procedures. We await rescue personnel rapid progress, and I hope more people were rescued as soon as possible out!
summary:
In terms of aircraft design requirements, or pilot training requirements, all legally acquired airworthiness certification of aircraft can takeoff and landing even in the most critical time, when most of the critical engine failure, safely takeoff climb to a safe altitude. For legally acquired the qualification to run and the continuous monitoring of the airline, has a complete security management system to run their own airport security has to leave the takeoff performance analysis, even in the face of the most adverse conditions can also guarantee safe operation measures . As for the details of running the revival of aviation, we need to be further official announcement. I believe that is not the critical engine failure, and then crashed out of control, we need to wait for official verification. I only hope that the dead rest in peace!
(Author: Chen Jianguo, love aviation flying club chairman, senior captain)
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