Beijing Forbidden City three temple "Hall of Supreme Harmony," commonly known as "throne room", is the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Yongle Emperor Yongle eighteen years (1420) built. First called "Mukden Palace", Jiajing forty-one years (1562) renamed "Emperor very Hall." "Huangji Temple" has been followed to use the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty Junji Emperor, Shunzhi two years (1645) renamed the beginning of this famous "Hall of Supreme Harmony." In fact, it is not the emperor process towards national policy areas, but significant ceremony held in place, the number of little practical use.
24 emperors Ming and Qing dynasties held a grand ceremony in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, ascended the throne as emperor ascended the throne, Emperor wedding, book stand Queen, ordered the expedition, in addition to the annual Wanshou Festival, New Year's Day, Winter Solstice Festival three emperor hereby accepts civil and military officials Asaga, gives a dinner to his ministers. Qing, was also held at the Hall of Supreme Harmony of the successful candidates, the new Scholars, Qianlong four years (1789) before, rescheduled the Hall of Preserving Harmony, "Chuanlu" Hall of Supreme Harmony is still held.
About Emperor towards the place, in fact, not Hall of Supreme Harmony, throughout the Ming and Qing emperors are generally in the Gate of Supreme Harmony, dry clean door court, called Mikado hearings, and when there are more urgent or important things, the emperor in the Palace of Heavenly Purity summoned the minister, the late Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi behind a screen, towards the place also in the Hall of Mental Cultivation.
Ming emperor Mikado hearings
Ming toward unionism was founded in the first Ming emperor, Yongle Emperor Zhu Di to complete.
There will be big move, also known as moving, three major festival held in Zhengdan, Winter Solstice, Wanshou (Emperor birthday), the ceremony is very grand, just below the emperor enthroned. Moving in Fengtian Temple (later renamed Huangji temple) held primarily Asaga, the emperor does not ask political affairs. Often there are North Korea, the DPRK and Japan-DPRK lunar points.
Lunar North Korea, Hongwu set monthly moon (first day) Hope (15) held at Mukden temple. Cautious "System Code" chapter, said: "This move lunar Royal main hall, the King towards public service parameters, without introductions Zoushi." In fact, was the nature of Asaga, the same does not deal with political affairs. Associated with the conduct of public affairs is Japan and North Korea. Japan and the DPRK in Hongwu mainly refers to when the audience was held a day early canopy held in the house, after more than held at Mukden door.
October Yongle seven years, Zaozhao regime change. Hunting was Emperor Yongle Beijing, Beijing this time is the winter gas condensate Yan tedious ceremony, the King followed Zoushi officials long established unbearable, so the ritual and Zoushi separately. After a brief ceremony, the ministers turn to the right along the door Piandian Zoushi, no matter who will be refunded their bureaucratic office. It is often said that "Mikado hearings."
There are two major changes in the system Ming Japan and North Korea, one in the first month Xuande years, when Yingzong ascended the throne, when he was 9 years old, can not be all day in court, so stop strike towards the afternoon, while simplifying Zaozhao Zoushi program. "Yu Pu Notes" Volume note: Yingzong immature red throne, three Gelao Yang Rong compromise between the Eucharist easily tired due to record-right. Every audience was, only made things promised eight, the day before the first Deputy Yi Feng Excellency, the Yu Chen punishment to all things. In case of playing, stop by the old edicts only. In this case no longer practical significance towards just a symbol that indicates that the emperor is still the master of the country, no imperial power changed hands. Although once Jingtai recovery towards the afternoon, but when the cease complex, not a system, after lunch towards basic ceased to exist.
Second, in Longqing six years (1572) in May, when the Wanli Emperor ascended the throne, the Cabinet Jang and others to "punch the young age of the Holy" on the grounds that Zaozhao regimes change, reduce the number of audience was, as every three, six, 29, in court, that is, from month to month daily towards towards nine.
This change has been extended to the late Ming and.
Qing emperors in the Forbidden City little office
Qing officials gathered early in the morning did not stop the class system of procedure, but the government report to the emperor by the Cabinet. Overall, however, is to let the emperor know about it, actually exercise power in the hands of cabinet ministers. Junji Emperor was a minor, the Kangxi Emperor, get up early to go to school, so summoned or audience, for after the emperor after school, before lunch.
If there is significant government is summoned at any time and place are not fixed, generally choose the nearest summoned. Kang Xicheng years later, followed the prescribed system a "Mikado hearings", six in the morning in winter and spring, summer and autumn five in the morning, first in dry clean door, later changed the Gate of Supreme Harmony hear officials report. This is indeed a bit like the audience was. Like Kangxi years of war against the Czarist Russia in the name of the Jaxa, San Francisco and other major decision-making level, in fact, are "Mikado hearings" in the decision. Kangxi and Qianlong emperors after gradually laziness, to Xianfeng years, "Mikado hearings" totally abolished.
Qing emperor did not work most of the time at the Palace. For example, like the Kangxi Emperor, "Chang Chun" government. Kangxi 23 years (1684) and twenty-eight years (1689), Emperor Kangxi southern tour twice, during deep southern landscape and gardens of the infection, ordered back to Beijing after the court painter Wu Tao Ye Ming Dynasty in Tsinghua University Park base address of the southern garden built on imitation Royal "Royal Park" to make "to avoid hearing noise" purposes, this garden is the later "Chang Chun."
Chang Chun after the completion of the Kangxi Emperor liked this garden, this has also written "imperial Chang Chun Ji". Because here "discretionary spring and grim", it is raising Yi resort. So in addition to hold major celebrations, the Kangxi emperor often hearing in Chang Chun.
Since then, every year most of the time Yongzheng emperor in "Chang Chun" spent until his death.
According to statistics in detail later, the Kangxi Emperor Kangxi 26 years (1687) February 22, for the first time in incurred Chang Chun, to sixty-one years (1722) November 13, died in the palace garden , where the thirty-six years, Chang Chun every year to live and deal with affairs of state. Chang Chun live among thirty-six years accumulated 257 times more than 3,800 days, the average annual in garden seven times 107 days. The shortest 29 days, the longest 202 days. Chang Chun visible importance in the Kangxi.
For the hearing it, he gave the Emperor Kangxi nearby gardens have successively reward to his sons live. One of the most famous is the Kangxi forty-eight years in the north of Chang Chun, the construction of the "Lou Yunkai Month" area, and to reward Yin Zhen Wong four sons live. Yin Zhen later the Emperor Yongzheng.
Yongzheng emperor ascended the throne, the royal garden of Yuanmingyuan upgraded, Yongzheng it on a large scale expansion. Original axis extending south, in the southern built with the court, governance functions temple fair and square and diligent pro-Yin Temple and the Cabinet, six military aircraft at various values of room to "avoid hearing noise," the formation of the court District "outer court" section, and the rear Empress concubines live around the lake "inner sleep" section together constitute a relatively independent royal palace garden area is like a microcosm of the Imperial Ouchi. The basic layout District Court by the symmetrical axis format, from south to north complete spatial sequence formed. During Yongzheng park home, it became the political center of the empire. This is the Yongzheng so-called "construction Hin Chi, points out towards the Department, to serve paternity straight Zhu Chen have longer serve the community. Structure temple in South Park, the Royal in hearings."
Qianlong emperor also like the Summer Palace in the office, to 1775, for example, stay in the Summer Palace of Emperor Qianlong period totaled 168 days, accounting for the year 43.86% of the time, other times there are 105 days in the Forbidden City, 66 days in Jehol Chengde Mountain Resort (from August to October), 44 days in the hometown of Confucius in Qufu.
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