Imagine a scenario: you just stopped 100 people in the streets, let them say a psychologist's name, and then write down their answers. So, you will get what kind of results?
No doubt, you collect the names of removing some of the actual contribution of media psychology no psychologist, but it must be ranked first - Sigmund Freud!
These are Keith Stein in Norwich "to" pseudo-psychology "no" in the reference to "Floyd problem." Stan Norwich said: "If the American Psychological Association (APA) in the number of members of the psychoanalytic identity statistics, their number does not exceed 10% of the total, the proportion of other psychology organizations Association for Psychological Science (APS) of nor more than 5%. "he went on to say," Freud and those in the media frequent pop psychologist common definition of the public mind psychology. "
If Freudian psychology is not the history of the most eminent psychologist, then in the end who is?
A 20th century psychologist Ranking
At the beginning of the 21st century, Western Kentucky University psychologist Steven J. Haggbloom began his busy research, in just the past 20 centuries, there have been tremendous changes in psychology, has made unprecedented progress. Behind these progress, which psychologists have made the most outstanding contribution? To answer this question, Haggbloom decided to rank the 20th century psychologist, selected the most outstanding of 100 psychologists.
Psychologist rank, its difficult to imagine, the most difficult part is how to define the psychologist "Outstanding property"? How to measure "Outstanding property"?
To measure the "Outstanding property", Haggbloom finally thought of six kinds of measurement method, three kinds of measuring quantitative variables genus: Journal Citation frequency, introductory psychology textbook reference frequency, the frequency of the survey responses. The other three species of qualitative variables: the National Academy of Sciences (National Academy of Science, NAS) members, the American Psychological Association (APA) Chairman or APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award winner, naming names derived (eg Bandura named " Bandura's social learning theory ").
After a large amount of data collection and analysis, Haggbloom lists the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century 100. Among them, Skinner topped the list, followed by Piaget and Freud. Here are the top 20 list of:
Second, the most outstanding contemporary psychologist
Preparation of the 20th century's most outstanding list of 100 psychologists Haggbloom after, ten years later, Ed Diener of the University of Virginia decided to develop a "most outstanding contemporary psychologist" list, the list contains many Haggbloom history of psychology classic characters, Diener then decided not to include these figures in the list.
Using a variety of sources, Diener collected 348 original list of eminent psychologist, ultimately selected the most outstanding 200. Diener want to measure those major works produced after World War II, a psychologist outstanding properties. Thus, Freud, William James, who will not appear in this list.
By drawing Haggbloom research methods, Diener established measuring "excellence" of three criteria: reference rate, textbook coverage of major awards. Among them, the total citations include citations and references highest single works. Major awards include awards from the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science. Finally, in order to further validate the study authors also viewed these psychologists described in Wikipedia, interestingly, more high ranking psychologist presented at Wikipedia more often.
The final data show that contemporary psychologists rankings were positively skewed, which means the best of several other psychologists psychologist thrown far behind. Outstanding achievements psychologists mostly after their 50-year-old, and most of them until old age people still immersed in the work.
The ranking, the ranking Skinner is not the first, but dropped to sixth, the first is Bandura, followed by Piaget, Kahneman, Lazarus, I bit OF Diener tenth row. Here are the top 20 rankings:
Diener also lists 50 of these 200 eminent psychologist highest reference works. And wherein Kenny Barron (Baron Kenny) of "intermediary manipulated variable and variable statistics" ranked first, followed by Bandura "social foundation of thinking and behavior," "self-efficacy and control," Maslow " motivation and Personality, "Kahneman's" Prospect theory "and so on.
Third, the problems
Of course, Diener of the rankings, there are some problems, first of all, the list of mostly American psychologist. Secondly, for the distribution of professional ranking, ranking, 16 percent of psychologists are social psychology, 11% belong to the field of biological psychology, 10% belong to the field of developmental psychology, the proportion of other areas were lower. In addition, the proportion of men and women ranking uneven, the proportion of women is only 27%, which is the highest ranking women ranked eighth Shelley Taylor.
OF Diener himself said that such a ranking is bound to be imperfect, and its purpose, in addition to the public about what psychologists developmental psychology has made outstanding contributions, but also let you see the field of psychology uneven development.
Haggbloom in the development of 20th century psychologist Rank said: "The purpose of compiling such a list is daunting, the process of preparing full of difficulties, the biggest difficulty is how to 'outstanding of' operator of in addition, inevitably, it will lead to such a ranking accused methodological, because of difficulties during the preparation process can not make everyone satisfied. "
In any case, such a ranking or have a certain reference value. If we say that you only know psychologist Freud a person, it's time, you begin to have contact with other outstanding works of the psychologist. After seeing many psychologists believe the works, you will have a mind of their own "the most distinguished psychologists" list.
PS: See more detailed rankings
Haggbloom, SJ, Warnick, R., Warnick, JE, Jones, VK, Yarbrough, GL, Russell, TM,... Monte, E. (2002).
. The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th Century Review of General Psychology, 6, 139-152 doi:. 10.1037 / 1089-2680.6.2.139
Diener, E., Oishi, S., Park, J. (2014). An incomplete list of eminent psychologists of the modern era.Archives of Scientific Psychology, 2 (1), 20-31 DOI: 10.1037 / arc0000006
(Author: too happy oh)
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