"Healthy Dog" can spread the rabies virus? The problem of domestic academia and the public has long been debated. To answer this question, it must be analyzed from several aspects.
For "healthy dog" is defined, clear differences exist between the parties, which may be one of the main cause of controversy. In fact, the "healthy dogs" only exists in theory, "healthy dogs do not spread rabies virus", this sentence is absolutely correct in theory. But if the dog, "health", it is difficult to actually determined, and generally promote "healthy dogs do not spread rabies virus" can easily lead to public misunderstanding, resulting in serious consequences.
The public tends to take for granted the "healthy" dog understood to "look healthy" dogs. China each year more than 2,000 people for not vaccinated against rabies deaths, a considerable part of being bitten "look healthy" dogs due. There are some animal (or human) rabies symptoms are not typical, from the "look" is not a diagnosis.
How to determine whether the dog "healthy" mean? WHO clearly identified: "Only laboratory testing to confirm the diagnosis of rabies." Currently the brain reliable laboratory tests must take dogs to detect, that is to say, to quickly diagnose rabies in dogs must be immediately put to death. WHO said:. "Unless it is an endangered species, otherwise any other suspected rabies in domestic and wild animals should be humanely killed, the existence of rabies antigen using appropriate laboratory techniques to check animal tissues"
Domestic current reality is that rarely if dogs carry rabies virus laboratory testing immediately. First, all the less likely to catch the dog bite extraordinary killed immediately secondly, the country can provide this type of testing laboratories is minimal. To detect special biosecurity laboratories, testing costs but also much higher than the vaccination. So now in China, through laboratory test to determine whether the dog immediately, "health" is not reality.
The animals were sacrificed not able to determine whether it is likely to spread rabies it? WHO official documents have been identified can be "ten days observation": If the animal is a dog or cat, and after exposure occurs to maintain a healthy 10-day observation period, may be terminated post-exposure prophylaxis. It should be emphasized that, after rabies endemic areas, suspicious dog or cat bites, take "after ten days observation" at the same time, to start exposure prophylaxis immediately, or wait until a few days after the dog or cat has been observed in the disease, and then the bitten person preventive late.
There are two concepts to distinguish clearly: rabies incubation period and infectious period. Latency is the dog from rabies virus infection to the onset of the time period, usually within 10 days to 6 months. This is usually the national customs canine rabies quarantine period as the main basis for six months, that is, if the animals are not killed, only quarantine for six months in order to determine whether they carry a dog rabies virus. Infectious period means the period of time the dog rabies virus may be transmitted to humans or other animals. Most of the time does not belong to the incubation period of the infection does not spread rabies, just before the onset of 3 to 5 days, with death from the onset to 3-7 days (for a total of no more than two weeks time), only the ability to spread the virus, this time called the infectious period.
Pathologically speaking, rabies incubation period is usually long after the virus enters the dogs, not directly into the blood circulation, but slow to reach the brain along the nerve, then back to the salivary gland proliferation endures peripheral organs, at this time only infectious. Canine infectious brain has been breeding a large number of rabies virus. Bite and saliva "infected" dog in 3 to 5 days, with the further propagation of the virus in the brain, it is bound to the incidence and in a few days after the death. This is the "ten days observation" theory. Dogs may only onset Ten days later observation period. But in this case the person bitten is still safe, because although the incidence of dog later prove that the dog does bite when the brain "infected", but this time the virus has not been breeding to a certain number, not transferred to the salivary glands , biting fashion in the incubation period, saliva without the virus. Therefore, in consideration of the infection rather than the incubation period, the observation period is only 10 days instead of six months.
The last 10 years, none of my lab at home and abroad to find any evidence sufficient to negate "ten days to observe law". Therefore, at least for now, which is a correct determination of practical value method also applies to China. In China people bitten by dogs every year, real mad dogs only a very small proportion (otherwise, the actual number of people died of rabies in China much more). If you promote "ten days observation," not only can greatly reduce the amount of vaccine, we can quickly put the vast majority of people bitten by dogs freed from the fear of rabies.
"Healthy dogs do not spread rabies virus" specific meaning, if the person is bitten by dogs, it will be immediately put to death, and brain tissue for testing, will soon be able to judge whether only dogs can spread rabies virus, "healthy dogs not spread rabies virus "is applicable to this case. If not detected rabies virus, only to be bitten by dogs who may not be vaccinated against rabies.
However, the person who has been bitten by dogs suffering from rabies deaths, bite the dog is no possibility that only healthy dogs, it eventually will die because of rabies. In other words, "people suffering from rabies after the death of his dog bite still has to survive," the situation is absolutely impossible. Latent infection of rabies does not exist, it is impossible, as part of an infected person not only the incidence of infectious diseases like some other, possibly in subsequent immunity. Put another words, there is no rabies "healthy carriers of the virus" as well.
"Healthy dogs do not spread rabies virus" in theory, yes, but according to China's current situation, we must vigorously promote "apparently healthy dogs may spread rabies virus," WHO while promoting full recognition of the "ten days observation."
(Author: Yan new, genetically engineered chamber from Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Institute)
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