Sleep time by our body clock control. Sleep and wake at a certain period in a dynamic balance. Clock is the internal timing device controlled by a related enzyme, these enzymes in vivo, a neurotransmitter - a synergistic effect of adenosine, which will inhibit many of the sober-related physiological processes in vivo, causing sleep. Core body temperature (the temperature of the body deep), and the concentration of plasma cortisol levels of melatonin in the body are three important indicators of biological rhythms in nature. In summary, lower body temperature helps to fall asleep, light suppresses melatonin secretion affects sleep, the morning sun on the biological clock to adjust effect. In diurnal animals, such as humans, when elements of the biological rhythm caused by pituitary gland pineal melatonin release, and core body temperature decreases, the body goes to sleep. That termination of sleep waking state, largely by internal biological clock to adjust.
The main mammal "biological clock" is located in the brain area called the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, a pair of cells located in the hypothalamus. Suprachiasmatic nucleus compromised destroys sleep and wake cycle. Suprachiasmatic nucleus receives information about light intensity through the eyes. In addition to the retina of the eye cones primarily of visual function and rod cells, as well as specially light sensitivity in the ganglion cells, which projects information directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to assist circadian clock function. Suprachiasmatic nucleus receives and integrates information from the retina on day and night length of time is transmitted to the pineal gland located in the upper part of the hypothalamus, pineal information received for the reaction, corresponding to the level of secretion of melatonin, thereby regulate our sleep and wakefulness.
From the molecular level point of view, the biological clock is controlled by a series of gene negative feedback loop. Studies have shown that melatonin secretion of the pineal gland will be fed back to the supraoptic nucleus, thereby regulating the sleep activity and other physiological activity rhythm. Light can reset the body's biological clock, according to the time of occurrence of different light, it can advance or delay the circadian rhythm control existing physical activity, such as sleep and arousal patterns.
Differences in each person's sleep patterns, the study found, our duration of sleep that affect a gene called DEC2, the human gene mutations, sleep less than most people about two hours. (Author: Zhang Lina)
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