Microblogging lot of people ask about the HPV vaccine thing. Because there are not approved for use, it is understood that some foreign friends on the status of Hong Kong going to inoculation. But I heard that Japan has recently had a lot of side effects were reported, resulting in hesitation. That in the end the HPV vaccine safe? It is necessary vaccination? What do people need vaccination?
HPV, Acronym is HPV, can cause many types of cancer after infection, such as cervical cancer, labial cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer in men, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and so on. The virus is very common, easily spread through sexual contact with skin and mucous membranes of the time. Even after the vast majority of infected do not know, so it is easily transmitted to the same unsuspecting sexual partners. In Japan, women with normal cervical approximately 10-20% of the proportion infected with HPV virus. US data show that women have had sexual experience, a lifetime of 50 to 80% have a history of infections. So the proportion of infection is quite high. But friends do not have the infection and therefore insecure. Infected with HPV does not mean you will get sick. Of HPV infection, more than 90% within two years, will shed virus itself. Only those who persistently infected for many years, might develop into cervical cancer.
HPV vaccine is to prevent the development of these diseases. US data show that the United States each year there are about 15,000 HPV-associated cancers of the female patients if the HPV vaccine could have prevented the occurrence of cancer, about 7000 men if vaccination can also avoid many types of cancer, such as oropharyngeal cancer. Taking into account China far more than the US incidence of cervical cancer, the benefits of this vaccine will be much larger. HPV vaccine for HPV 16 and 18 infections, and precancerous lesions, the preventive effect of more than about 90%, the effect is very obvious. But because the HPV infection to develop into cervical cancer usually after long decades of years, and this vaccine is still very new, so now there is no data in the end to prevent cervical cancer have much effect. However, persistent infection and cervical precancerous cervical lesions is the only way, so from the prophylactic effect of these two diseases, should be able to infer, the effect of the vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer is very optimistic. So in 2006 the FDA approved the HPV vaccine, CDC recommended to start, and then began to spread in most developed countries vaccination.
In order to prevent HPV infection and infections diseases, including cervical cancer, HPV vaccine requires three injections, six months or less to complete. Is currently approved for the prevention of cervical cancer HPV vaccine, there are two, one called Cervarix, called Gardasil. The former can only be used in women. Because the latter can also prevent genital warts, anal cancer, it also applies to men.
To get the best protective effect, it must be vaccinated before starting sexual activity, and there is enough time to produce immunity, so vaccination is the best male and female juvenile girls, who received 3 doses required to achieve the best results. So the United States CDC recommends teenage girls are 11 or 12 years old began vaccination. But if not 11 years old or 12 years old vaccinated people, also received three vaccination recommended until women over 26 years old, male over 21 years of age. Gay or bisexual is the recommended target, or with immune problems, such as HIV infection is recommended object.
So both vaccines What difference does it make?
Both are caused by HPV types 16 and 18 for the diseases have a good effect, but also for precancerous lesions (before becoming cancerous stage, abnormal cells, but did not develop into cancer) have a good effect. Both are with a small portion of the virus is made, rather than inactivated virus, it will not lead to infection. Both are injection requires three injections. Except that: Gardasil also protects while HPV 6 and 11 infected with the virus, two subtypes of the virus that causes genital warts pathogens, so this vaccine can also be used for men. And although both are displayed for HPV type 16 have a role, but only Gardasil can prevent display labia, vagina and anus. Two vaccines at different injection added adjuvant, the immune effect will be different, but it varies.
That in the end what people need this vaccine inoculation it?
US CDC recommends that all 11 or 12-year-old girl received three, two vaccines have either. 13-year-old to 26-year-old woman, if not previously vaccinated or not vaccinated three times, it is also recommended vaccination. But 26 years of age not recommended. As mentioned earlier, since Gardasil it can also be used in men, so the CDC recommends 11 years old or 12-year-old boy received three vaccination 12-21 year old male if not before inoculation, vaccination is also recommended three times.
In the United States only two vaccines approved for use in people 26 years of age, because so far all valid human experiments were 9-26 years of age who do, and GARDASIL experiments did not show for over 26 years people have a preventive effect. Pregnant women are also not included in the recommended target, because in the end if it is safe for pregnant women currently do not have enough clinical data to draw conclusions.
After 11 or 12 years old the first time vaccination need to be completed within six months a total of three vaccinations. The second best after the first 1-2 month. Third after the first 6 months.
While the same for Asians in Japan, on the recommendation of the Ministry of Health it is in the middle school girls entering first grade year vaccination. Cervarix vaccine should be done after the first vaccination, one month after the second vaccination, the third six months after inoculation. Gardasil should be second after the first two month, the third time in six months later.
That this vaccine safe?
Because the network has a lot of rumors, said HPV vaccines cause many side effects, so many people have been vaccinated intend terrified. But according to the US Food and Drug Administration, the vaccine is very safe and effective. Prior to approval, the two vaccines are thousands of people who have done experiments, no serious complications. Mild side effects include injection site pain, transient fever, headache, vomiting, very short. As of July 2012, the United States a total of about 46 million HPV vaccine is used, no serious side effects. Of course, this vaccine fashion short, the US FDA and CDC still continues to monitor possible side effects.
Attracted media attention and are more cases of side effects reported in Japan, and in June last year Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommended suspension was subsequently adopted by the Ministry of Health to advise the positive recommendation of vaccination. Japan's statistics show that after vaccination, there are less than 10% of the injection site pain, swelling, systemic multiple site pain, including abdominal pain, joint pain, headache. 1-10% of people had local rash, fever. Less than 1% of the injection site paresthesia, general weakness. There are very few people showed terror, excitement, etc. symptoms. After injection of extremely rare allergic reactions are caused by difficulty in breathing, hands and feet powerlessness, and even acute diffuse encephalomyelitis.
Relatively cause for concern, and it is frequently seen in newspapers is a composite of the Bureau pain syndrome CRPS. Because of this CRPS, Japan organized a discussion and research professionals. It concluded that the benefits of the balance of the vaccine, and the frequency and severity of side effects, do not think that HPV vaccine can cause a serious risk to terminate vaccination. But because many of this continuing pain occurs after vaccination, the existing data can not be ruled out due to the vaccine, in order to further study confirmed the frequency of these side effects and response measures, and to provide a more accurate national intelligence, the Japanese Ministry of Health in 2013 in June issued a circular, the suspension of actively recommend the HPV vaccine, and instead voluntary vaccination. But the Ministry of Health has repeatedly stressed that this decision only for further study to obtain more comprehensive data to temporarily move a comprehensive promotion, not on behalf of the two vaccines safe.
In January 2014, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cancer Society and prevented experts in Tokyo and launched the latest data of the HPV vaccine workshop, and on February 2 reporters conference that recommended by the Ministry of Health is considering re-actively recommend the vaccine, display six months of data collation and analysis suggested the vaccine is safe, more good than harm.
That is what people need to pay attention, preferably with a doctor before considering vaccination dwell on it?
? patients with thrombocytopenia, bleeding tendencies.
? cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, blood disease.
? other vaccine within 2 days after inoculation of high fever person.
? have had a history of recurrent seizures.
? pregnant or possibly pregnant women.
To summarize, HPV vaccine is safe and effective for now. For the prevention of infection, and cervical cancer have a good effect. Side effects are rare, the vast majority are very slight. So it is recommended. Have the opportunity to friends, you can consider giving the child or yourself vaccinated.
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