Today, each country can see the police figure, charged with the duty to protect citizens, combat crime. So, the world's first police force is coming from?
From the information point of view can be found, first use the "police" of the concept, it is French.
March 1667, King Louis XIV of France, in Paris, ordered the establishment of the first police agency in the "Police in" leadership, there are about 1,000 people, is responsible for maintaining law and order on the streets. However, their job function, there is today a police vary considerably, mainly patrols and vigilante on the streets, to attempt against the king or creating a disturbance, rioters be arrested, rather than today's police more emphasis on combating crime investigation. Therefore, at this time of the Paris police, more like a branch of the armed forces, or similar to US soldiers on patrol in Iraq.
Thames [Guardian]
The true meaning of modern police, the argument accepted by the British Robert - Bill founded Metropolitan Police Department.
However, it is fun, the first British police is a Marine, called "Thames Force."
With the industrial revolution, when London became a huge industrial center and the Thames has become a golden waterway transportation of products and raw materials. So many criminals eyeing the coming and going of ships, taking advantage of a dark and stormy when the boat climb up cargo theft, and even murder occurred many times grab ship accidents. In the last decade of the seventeenth century, the loss of cargo has exceeded 50 million pounds, the equivalent of today's 400 million yuan, such a loss to let business people a headache.
Some businessmen tried to hire onboard security, but fewer people are of no use, many people too costly. Thus, the Chamber of Commerce boss depressed and seafarers' union boss coordinated unanimous decision: contribute money, ask an official to organize a dedicated security team.
Patrick - Mr. Colquhoun (Patrick Colquhoun) carry this burden, in 1798, he organized a team of dozens of people, known as the "Thames Force."
Initially, the team who did not looked down ...... However, a year later, merchants were delighted to find that the value of four thousand donations too, the crime rate dropped for straight cargo, they can have fun in a play on the Thames. Since then, Wal-Mart boosted Thames Force, became a strong defender on the River Thames.
In fact, the greatest significance of the Thames Police, that the British had the first branch "Police" common sense. In the past, London also has a night watchman, but basically by the wealthy shops, household employment, patrol the scope is limited to its own and the Thames police zone is across the River Thames in London River Basin, is not limited to in which the protection of the safety of boats, but the safety of the public.
Scotland Yard was born [friends]
In 1822, Robert - Sir Bill (Sir Robert Peel, 1788-1850) when on the Home Secretary of Her Majesty the Queen, then the implementation of the long-thought-reform. Under his lobbying, "Metropolitan Police Act of 1829" (Metropolitan Police Act 1829) passed into law, police from the rapid development of the road toward the standardization and modernization, known as "the first movement of the Police" .
This reform summed up in one sentence: "Police Strictly, from the preferential treatment the police."
First, he made a police recruitment higher standard: Requires innocent family background, good character, able-bodied (aged 35 years of age, height of 1.7 meters) of all police always must receive professional training, in order to pass the examination on duty ; the police must at all times maintain a clean and appropriate dignified appearance, to be polite when you treat people, pay attention to his image.
He also believes that, like the military police must obey the same strict discipline, obey the command of the at the same time, and also differ and the military, remain absolutely neutral in the political struggle - for which he specifically provides that police uniforms are blue color to distinguish when the scarlet uniform of the British army.
On the other hand, he also focus on training police pride: clear in the law, police officers are appointed by Her Majesty the Queen, on behalf of the authority of police command any recalcitrant members of the public, the police have the right to be arrested and sent Magistrate punishment, may be fined up to 5 pounds (the equivalent of today's thirty thousand yuan).
Of course, the light is not enough to have a sense of honor, to have something practical: He provides the inspector's salary of 1 per week, this income at the time already had a very decent life.
In short, Sir Bill formed police agencies to police the quality and discipline of a very high requirements, but also gives them preferential treatment and respected social status. Such police, compared with the previous night watchman, night watchman, simply heaven, combat effectiveness is not surprising.
The newly formed organization, which he named the Metropolitan Police, places its headquarters to the name "New Scotland Yard", soon became one of the famous police institutions in the world until today.
[Pioneers] Reform
Sir Bill also introduced a number of reforms, its influence and even to this day, is worthy of a modern police originator.
For example, he first proposed, to measure the level of crime in the performance of police work, and regularly to the public announcement. This assessment of the police is certainly a sense of pressure, but it also gives people more security.
He formulated the principle of reasonable distribution of police force: for higher crime areas, assign more police to be strengthened to ensure that the city does not appear dead.
By law, he gives the police the right to use violence to be rebel attacks, the legitimate use of fire arms when necessary. To this end, the police have the right to carry firearms and other deadly weapons while on duty.
Other standard equipment is Sir Bill led the men were police officers, way out in actual combat. For example, when the gentlemen, when the streets will be holding a slender cane bulk, as a status symbol. Jazz Bill soon discovered that it is not suitable for police purposes: neither light nor suitable as a fighting weapon. After exploration, half a meter long, a thick, solid baton with a wristband was born, and is still equipped with modern police standards.
In the beginning of the formation, WATCH Bill to Scotland Yard are equipped with something similar to a rattle, and when he needs to summon help, or people who remind chaos obey orders, he would desperately shake this thing made of wood nearby Rangers will hear the rush reinforcements. Later, Joseph called - Hudson (Joseph Hudson) who invented a brass whistle, and recommend it to Scotland Yard, and soon to be adopted - that is, has been used in today's siren.
[Conclusion]
If anything, who is the first to create a "police" this concept, it should be attributed to the "Sun King" Louis but the real police detachment from the army out, different from the watchman and the night watchman, the city became the maintenance of law and order, full power to protect public life and property safety, and should be attributed to Robert Colquhoun - Sir Bill.
From New Scotland Yard birth to today, the time has passed for over a century. Every city police have become indispensable protector, so that citizens can live and work, so that the community can flourish, we can say, over Sir Robert Bill, has been fully realized.
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