On becoming cattle on the road, no one can deny the role of exercise.
However, the truth is, there has never been the law of ten thousand hours, it is only best-selling author of Psychological Research a less rigorous interpretation of it.
In 1973, Simon is about to get a Nobel Prize in 1978, Chase and collaborators published an article on chess masters and novices comparison papers. In this paper, Simon found that long-term training, although less working memory capacity, but chess master in the Wobble, Replay and other experiments are significantly stronger than a player, the novice. Kept in the proposed first decades of expertise Acquisition Law (10 year rule), Simon speculated that chess masters can be stored 5-100000 chess game block long-term memory in the system to get this expertise takes about 10 years .
This is the decade of the law of Simon. Later, the Swedish psychologist Simon emigrated to the US Ailikesen reference paper for 10 years law, published in 1993, explain his findings to a music college students in three groups. This is to be citedthat interpretation of the law of ten thousand hours of experiments:
The Academy violin students were divided into three groups. The first group of students in the star, has the potential to become a world-class violinist, and the second group of students we are only considered "relatively good", the third group of students playing the violin are considered never reached the level of professional standards their future goals is to become a public school music teacher. ... .. In fact, by the age of 20, these great players have been practicing in his life of 10,000 hours, compared with those achieved excellence, compared to those outstanding students practice time is 8000 hours, and those future music teachers, their practice time only 4000 hours.
But this law has the problem?
First, the acquisition of skills in different areas of expertise and time to practice time does not exist in a one million hours minimum threshold. For example, excellent professional actors professional skills often learned 3500 memory class specialist skills acquisition is also not need a million hours, but hundreds of hours. Evidence Hacker News readers has collated that numerous Internet company founder expertise Acquisition also not a million hours.
Secondly, the success of practice time is not entirely proportional to talent plays an important role. As psychologist Pinker noted that the average IQ of more than 125 outstanding scientists. Similarly, a 1997 study showed that doctors, lawyers, accountants mostly in IQ more than seven standard range. A report from 1990 showed that non-verbal IQ scores could explain children's chess level of 12%.
Each familiar with writing skills bestselling authors, often with a clear action rules, such as: ten thousand hours as a standard practice IX twenty-one days to form good habits, to stimulate your actions. But for how many people can adhere to ten thousand hours? Ten thousand hours really lead to success? Persist for a million hours of key nodes? Ten thousand hours of practice nature but ignored. The best-selling author skip the talk about the details, but it is the most scientific inking, but also on the people to enhance self most helpful place.
Indeed, the deliberate practice Ailikesen core point is that the standard range of seven or more people, possess a strong memory capacity: long-term working memory. Long-term working memory is the distinction between standard and standard five more than seven intervals are an important capability, and point to the essence of it is deliberate practice. Those outstanding experts capable of working memory and long-term memory docking, during the piano, chess itself familiar with the professional activities, can call larger working memory. As Simon and other seminal 1973 essay research report pointed out the same: chess master memory this drive is stored on 50000-100000 chess chunk in length.
If the standard eight who have upgraded their brains, working memory can be called a memory stick to use SSD hard drive at the same those novices often specialized fields or in small memory to run.
Fortunately, the evolution to the standard five had left the road. This long-term working memory capacity, Ailikesen considered related areas, and by what he called deliberate practice, can be learned. As long as you work hard, fall through selling blood to cook several tens of hours to tens of thousands of hours of hard labor ranging able to buy models that working memory can be invoked with the servants memory SSD drive - long-term working memory.
Standard five were how to afford that disk? Task difficulty deliberate exercise should be moderate, to receive feedback, sufficient number of repetition, learners can correct their mistakes. So so, Cheng Kung University.
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