"Eat small meals often" is commonly said health law, as opposed to also have a theory called "three square meals a brain injury."
This statement is scientifically reliable? I found a passage in the confirmation process - "the long-term satiation causes an increase in the brain fibroblast growth factors, and growth factors can lead to hardening of the arteries to the brain then provide oxygen and nutrients will be reduced. causing brain atrophy, functional degradation and other consequences. "
This passage is often used as evidence of "satiation brain injury", even if the lack of literature sources and research subjects, or be widely cited. However, true?
Science requires not only the right conclusions, also requires rigorous argumentation, we might analyze at this argument.
This passage contains three meanings:
1, long-term satiation will lead to fibroblast growth factor (that is mentioned in the report, "fibroblast growth factor") massive
2, fibroblast growth factor causes fat cells and capillary endothelial cell proliferation, leading to hardening of the
3, hardening of the arteries leading to the brain tissue atrophy, functional degradation.
First, we recognize that under the fibroblast growth factor.
Fibroblast growth factor (Fibroblast growth factor, FGF) is a class with a wide range of biologically active peptides, their physical and chemical properties (isoelectric point) can be divided into subtypes. In 1974, researchers (Gospodarowiez) isolated from bovine pituitary can cause a kind of fibroblast proliferation of peptides, will be named fibroblast growth factor. Subsequently confirmed, basic fibroblast growth factor primarily in the highly vascular tissues such as the brain, pituitary, hypothalamus, retina, adrenal, ovary and placenta. In a variety of tumor tissue can also be extracted basic fibroblast growth factor. Acidic fibroblast growth factor found only in the brain, the hypothalamus and retina.
Studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor binding by the endothelial cells after synthesized and stored in the basement membrane, endothelial cells are fibroblast growth factor-synthesizing cells, but also its effector cells. Changes in endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation and morphology and function of the fibroblast growth factor closely related to the biological activity divided into two types: (1) mitogenic activity and can promote cell division and proliferation, including embryonic development , morphogenesis, angiogenesis and tissue injury (2) non-mitogenic activity, including vasodilation, myocardial protection, and the protection of ischemic neuroprotection. This makes it revascularization, ulcer healing, wound healing as well as cancers of research.
Let us review each of the above three meanings.
First, the long-term satiation will lead to fibroblast growth factor increases? Correct.
Early studies showed that, after satiation indeed occur fibroblast growth factor increases. New research shows, FGF21 (into a fibroblast growth factor) seems to be involved in the regulation of body fat. The researchers found that in mice FGF21 inhibits hepatic glucose production, and promote liver glycogen generation, and reduces and in rodent models of obesity increased significantly FGF21, and not subject to the impact of exogenous FGF21. This suggests that obesity may be a state of FGF21 resistance.
FGF21 gene expression by regulating hunger and eating signals, that is to say people have FGF21 increase in the body's hunger and satiation. FGF21 serum levels increase the risk of obesity in adults and children, indicating that it has some associated with body mass index. Normal range occurred in different studies changes, for example, 50 healthy people statistically derived mean 468 pg / mL, however, to be a community group cohort study results mean 225 pg / mL. And found only in healthy people fasting 7 d will have elevated levels of FGF21.
Second, the fibroblast growth factor causes fat cells and capillary endothelial cell proliferation, leading to hardening of the arteries? Doubtful.
About "satiation causes fibroblast growth factor leading to brain damage," the report, first seen in 1989, 01 of the "Japanese Medicine" magazine, entitled "overeating can promote cerebral arteriosclerosis." The article quoted research professor at Kyushu University, Japan Omura margin of, say, the peptide in particular, can be formed capillaries and other vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation. Thus, Professor Omura said, "eat too full, this peptide secretion in the brain to form a proliferation of blood vessels, resulting in cerebral arteriosclerosis."
But Professor Omura margin retrieve papers, such as "acid-dimensional line bud cell growth factors physiological effects," did not find this directly related to the description.
Because the basic fibroblast growth factor can promote vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) division, so the researchers believe that this factor may be related atherosclerosis related to the development, but the specific role of doubt.
For atherosclerosis, the majority of scholars support the "endothelial damage response doctrine" that the major risk factors, such as age, hypertension, smoking, etc., eventually damage the arterial intima, and the formation of arterial sclerosis lesions of endothelium intimal injury made inflammatory - fibroproliferative response results. When endothelial injury, fibroblast growth factor on atherosclerosis play a positive role.
However, fibroblast growth factor rises will directly lead to endothelial damage it? In other words, fibroblast growth factor can be the cause of hardening of blood vessels independent of it?
Some researchers (Lindn etc.) confirmed that the use of systemic arterial intimal injury basic fibroblast growth factor, smooth muscle cell division increased intimal the use of basic fibroblast growth factor in the arterial intima no damage , smooth muscle cells do not respond. They pointed out that the arterial wall can be synthesized basic fibroblast growth factor, which smooth muscle cells is a potent mitogen, any induced endogenous factors into basic fibroblast growth factor can stimulate the release of smooth muscle cells proliferation and induced intimal lesion formation.
Other researchers believe that the basic fibroblast growth factor on endothelial damage repair, has a positive meaning. In cerebral ischemia, basic fibroblast growth factor expression increased with increase in the number of brain capillaries were positively correlated. Basic fibroblast growth factor in the treatment of atherosclerosis in cerebral artery wall to reduce cholesterol levels, reduce plaque, suggesting that basic fibroblast growth factor may play a protective arterial intima, anti atherosclerosis effect .
The experimental results in rats showed that high-fat diet for six weeks after rats elevated blood lipids, brain tissue decreased antioxidant capacity, indicating that hyperlipidemia induced atherosclerotic lesions increased brain damage. By basic fibroblast growth factor therapy decreased lipid levels, antioxidant capacity increased, suggesting that basic fibroblast growth factor may regulate lipid delay or prevent the occurrence and development of cerebral arteriosclerosis lesions, thus reducing brain damage.
Third, the hardening of the arteries leading to the brain tissue atrophy, functional degradation? indeed so.
Atherosclerosis often violated at the head of the internal carotid artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery, the artery into the brain at the predilection area, mostly concentrated in the vascular lesions of the internal carotid bifurcation. Vascular stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaques, cerebral insufficiency or local thrombosis or plaque rupture, loss caused cerebral embolism cerebral vascular chronic cerebral ischemia caused by cerebral atrophy, may develop vascular dementia.
Fibroblast growth factor and its application mainly in nerve repair, ENT repair, wound healing and bone repair tissue repair, hemorrhoid surgery wound healing and organ repair applications and the like. After DNA recombinant fibroblast growth factor is also used as advanced cosmetic raw materials, mainly through the microcirculation, restore elasticity, and play a role in anti-aging beauty. There is now widespread view is that growth factors to promote wound healing surface is safe. After more than 3000 cases of domestic and foreign large sample, multi-center controlled clinical applications, the report has not been caused by surface growth factors or visceral complications, where the application of basic fibroblast growth factor in the treatment of trauma patients in the earliest reached the surface several years.
At present majority opinion, after endothelial injury, fibroblast growth factor to promote the role of hardening of the but at the same time, for the repair of vascular endothelial injury, fibroblast growth factor has a positive meaning.
The only way to lose weight is not a pipe shut.
in conclusion
New research shows that, in humans and rodents, damage obesity and weight control areas of the brain responsible for what happened is indeed an association. Long-term high-fructose diet will not only lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, there may be a direct result of changes in insulin metabolism, causing brain damage.
However, the simple statement that fibroblast growth factor whether an increase will cause endothelial injury, and even lead to atherosclerosis, found no precise information.
So, fibroblast growth factor-induced rise and long-term satiation between brain damage, can not be equated. For the media, it should be based on truth as the first principle, the original source tagging in the report, or reference to research.
references:
1, Guo long mold, on behalf of Zhang record, Inhibitory effect, fibroblast growth factor and application of a biological function to [J], Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 1997,11 (5): 272-
2, Tanya Qing, Liu Dehu, into human acidic fibroblast growth factor research progress of [J], Biotechnology Bulletin, 2013,5: 22-
3, Sasaki and M, Omura Yu, Li Aijun and other acidic line dimension bud cell growth factors physiological role of [J], IEICE Technical Report, MBE, ME ba B A ba ne te t ku su, 1996,96 (75) : 165-
4, Lu hope, fibroblast growth factor 21 Advances in type 2 diabetes and obesity [J]. In modern medicine, 2014,30 (1);
5, Zhu Junde, Gui school, Yan Yu et al., Basic fibroblast growth factor on atherosclerosis hardening model rat brain cortex and parietal cerebral artery [J]., Shandong University (Medicine Edition, 2012,50 (11);
6, Thaler JP, Yi CX, Schur EA, et al, Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans [J], The Journal of clinical investigation, 2012,122 (1): 153-
7, rumors Wikipedia, sugar often make people stupid, http://www.liuyanbaike.com/article/1363/;
8, Fu Xiaobing, and then on the fibroblast growth factor and soft tissue wound healing [J], Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000,14 (5): 257-260.
Licensing and commercial cooperation, please contact zhidaoribao@baidu.com, Baidu know the daily chase responsibility and rights reserved.
Article Source: Baidu know daily (http://zhidao.baidu.com/daily)
Original link: http: //zhidao.baidu.com/daily/view id = 2983?